A graded metamaterial for broadband and high-capability piezoelectric energy harvesting

Zhao, Bao; Thomsen, Henrik R.; Ponti, Jacopo Maria De; Riva, Emanuele; Damme, Bart Van; Bergamini, Andrea; Chatzi, Eleni; Colombi, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116056

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The wings form a graded metasurface which acts as a spatial frequency filter on the propagating wave whilst simultaneously slowing down the group velocity of the traveling wave. This metamaterial was designed by Zhao et al [12] for broadband and high-capability energy harvesting at low frequency ambient noise vibrations. First, we constructed and applied an IBC on the right and left ends of the host beam to cancel the reflections and create transparent boundaries.…”

Section: Experimentally Implemented Virtual Periodic Boundarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such prohibited frequency ranges can be architected into materials via either Bragg scattering phononic crystals [6] or locally resonant metamaterials [7]. The later enables sub-wavelenghth bandgaps [8] and has recently been leveraged for broadband energy harvesting [9][10][11][12]. Numerical simulations drive the development of metamaterials, the ever increasing available computational power making it feasible to rapidly model different designs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We schematically showcase how to effectively cancel boundary reflections in three cases often encountered in phyiscal experiments, with a focus on metamaterials: (1) the base case, single side IWE, where a clear identification of the incident/reflected wavefield at the structures boundaries is possible, (2) iterative, single side IWE, where the clear identification of the incident and/or reflected wavefield is not possible due to e.g., the presence of strong dispersion, and (3) double sided IWE, with internal scattering caused by strong impedance contrasts due to, e.g., the design of the metamaterial, requiring, again, the utilization of an iterative procedure. The proposed workflow is then used to successfully remove unwanted boundary reflections from a metamaterial designed for energy harvesting purposes [12] and to create a virtual geometric periodicity in the elastic experiment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Boundless metamaterial experimentation: physical realization of a virtual periodic boundary condition

Thomsen¹,

Bao²,

Colombi³

2023

Preprint

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We experimentally implement a virtual geometric periodicity in an elastic metamaterial. First, unwanted boundary reflections at the domain ends are cancelled through the iterative injection of the polarity reversed, reflected wavefield. The resulting boundless experimental state allows for a much better analysis of the metamaterials influence on the propagating wavefield. Subsequently, the propagating wavefield exiting on one end of the structure is reintroduced at the opposite end, creating a virtual geometric periodicity. We find that the experimentally observed band gap converges to the analytical solution through the introduction of the virtual periodicity. The established workflow introduces a novel approach to the experimental investigation and validation of metamaterial prototypes in the presence of strongly dispersive wave propagation and internal scattering.The fully data driven, ad-hoc treatment of boundary conditions in metamaterial experimentation with arbitrary mechanical properties enables reflection suppression, virtual periodicity, and the introduction of more general fictitious boundaries. I. INTRODUCTIONEngineered metamaterials have long since proven their capabilities to exhibit extraordinary material properties [1-3], as well as manipulate and attenuate wave propagation [4,5] using band gaps. Such prohibited frequency ranges can be architected into materials via either Bragg scattering phononic crystals [6] or locally resonant metamaterials [7]. The later enables sub-wavelenghth bandgaps [8] and has recently been leveraged for broadband energy harvesting [9][10][11][12]. Numerical simulations drive the development of metamaterials, the ever increasing available computational power making it feasible to rapidly model different designs. Nevertheless, experimental investigation and validation of prototype structures remains essential. Whereas in numerical studies, effects such as low absorbing boundary layers or local damping [13,14] can be introduced to simulate free space wave propagation, laboratory experiments are often plagued by modal responses of the system caused by, e.g., free or clamped boundaries. Additionally, wave propagation within the structure is difficult to interpret due to boundary reflections. Thus, it is often challenging to accurately distinguish phenomena caused by the metamaterial under study from those of the whole system. Con- *

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Section: Experimentally Implemented Virtual Periodic Boundarymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Boundless metamaterial experimentation: physical realization of a virtual periodic boundary condition

Thomsen¹,

Bao²,

Colombi³

2023

Preprint

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“…In the former case, the ability of a graded metamaterial to strongly focus waves of a specific frequency to a known location means a relatively small harvesting device (e.g. a piezoelectric patch) can extract a relatively large amount of energy [16,17]. Conversely, applications to machine hearing exploit the fact that a graded metamaterial exhibits a continuous relationship between the incoming frequency and the position of maximum amplitude [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the problem of comparing graded metamaterials

Davies,

Fehertoi-Nagy,

Putley

2023

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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We use a simple effective model, obtained through the application of high-frequency homogenization, to tackle the fundamental question of how the choice of gradient function affects the performance of a graded metamaterial. This approach provides a unified framework for comparing gradient functions efficiently and in a way that allows us to draw conclusions that apply to a range of different wave regimes. We consider the specific problem of single-frequency localization, for which the appropriate effective model is a one-dimensional Schrödinger equation. Our analytic results both corroborate those of existing studies (which use either expensive full-field wave simulations or black-box numerical optimization algorithms) and extend them to other metamaterial regimes. Based on our analysis, we are able to propose a design strategy for optimizing monotonically graded metamaterials and offer an explanation for the lack of a universal optimal gradient function.

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“…For the BB design target, most research efforts came from the mechanical community. The major mechanical solutions include: combining multiple vibrators at different resonant frequencies [13]; tuning the vibration modes by adding auxiliary structures [14]; and introducing the nonlinear mechanical dynamics to the linear vibrator [15,16,17]. Considering a PEH system as an organic electromechanical system, each part of the system should have some effect on the global dynamic characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circuit Solutions towards Broadband Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: An Impedance Analysis

Bao¹,

Liang²

2022

Preprint

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In the studies of piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) systems, literature has shown that circuit advancement has a significant effect on the enhancement of energy harvesting capability in resonance. On the other hand, some recent studies using the phase-variable (PV) synchronized switch technologies have found that the advanced circuit solutions can also broaden the harvesting bandwidth, i.e., improving the off-resonance energy harvesting capability, to some extent. However, the available span of the electrically induced dynamics by the existing energy harvesting circuits was not properly defined and demonstrated. Performance comparison among different circuits cannot be fairly achieved without using a common theoretical language. Given these, this paper provides an impedance-based analysis and comparison on the electromechanical joint dynamics of the PEH systems using different interface circuits, in particular, with a specific focus on their contributions towards the improvement of energy harvesting bandwidth. Given that the resonance tunability by circuit solutions has received no attention in the conventional ideal model of kinetic energy harvester, we firstly propose a more inclusive ideal model for better generalization. In practice, it was proven that the attainable dynamic ranges of the practical energy harvesting circuits are only some subsets of the ideal realm. A detailed quantitative study on the attainable ranges of the PV synchronized switch circuit solutions is provided after the introduction of the ideal target. Simulation and experimental results of different interface circuits show good agreement with the theoretical analysis. It can be concluded that the resonance tunability strongly depends on the achievable extent in the reactive (imaginary) direction of the equivalent impedance plane. In practice, the electromechanical coupling conditions and dielectric loss might also influence the resonance tunability. The general ideal model and quantitative impedance analysis provided in this paper help guide the future design effort towards high-capability and broadband PEH systems.

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A graded metamaterial for broadband and high-capability piezoelectric energy harvesting

Cited by 33 publications

References 45 publications

Boundless metamaterial experimentation: physical realization of a virtual periodic boundary condition

Boundless metamaterial experimentation: physical realization of a virtual periodic boundary condition

On the problem of comparing graded metamaterials

Circuit Solutions towards Broadband Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: An Impedance Analysis

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