A Gr receptor is required for response to the sugar trehalose in taste neurons of Drosophila

Dahanukar, Anupama; Foster, Kara; Naters, Wynand Marinus van der Goes van; Carlson, John R.

doi:10.1038/nn765

Cited by 251 publications

(234 citation statements)

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“…A similar result was also reported in studies of other Drosophila GRs to detect caffeine, theophylline, sucrose, d-glucose as well as trehalose (Dahanukar et al 2001;Dahanukar et al 2007;Jiao et al 2008;Jones et al 2007;Moon et al 2006). In the mosquito A. aegypti, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene knockdown of either AaegGR21a or AaegGR63a resulted in a loss of CO2 sensitivity, suggesting that these two proteins function as a heterodimer just as DmelGR21a and DmelGR63a do in Drosophila.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Carbon dioxide receptor genes in cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera

Xü

Anderson

2015

Sci Nat

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) is important in insect ecology, eliciting a range of behaviours across different species. Interestingly, the numbers of CO2 gustatory receptors (GRs) vary among insect species. In the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, two GRs (DmelGR21a and DmelGR63a) have been shown to detect CO2. In the butterfly, moth, beetle and mosquito species studied so far, three CO2 GR genes have been identified, while in tsetse flies, four CO2GR genes have been identified. In other species including honeybees, pea aphids, ants, locusts and wasps, no CO2 GR genes have been identified from the genome. These genomic differences may suggest different mechanisms for CO2 detection exist in different insects but, with the exception of Drosophila and mosquitoes, limited attention has been paid to the CO2GRs in insects. Here, we cloned three putative CO2 GR genes from the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera and performed phylogenetic and expression analysis. All three H. armigera CO2 GRs (HarmGR1, HarmGR2 and HarmGR3) are specifically expressed in labial palps, the CO2-sensing tissue of this moth. HarmGR3 is significantly activated by NaHCO3when expressed in insect Sf9 cells but HarmGR1 and HarmGR2 are not. This is the first report characterizing the function of lepidopteran CO2 receptors, which contributes to our general understanding of the molecular mechanisms of insect CO2 gustatory receptors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Carbon dioxide receptor genes in cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera

Xü

Anderson

2015

Sci Nat

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“…Expression analyses of about a dozen Gr genes have clearly established that they are expressed in distinct subpopulations of GRNs, supporting their role as chemosensory receptors and providing first insights into their complex cellular expression (Table 1) [36,42,54,55]. A large population of gustatory neurons expresses Gr5a, which has been shown to recognize the sugar trehalose [49,51]. Gr5a is expressed in approximately half of all GRNs in the labial palps, including all bristle types as well as taste pegs [1,54].…”

Section: Gustatory Receptor Familymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Thus, GRs within a subfamily are thought to detect structurally similar taste compounds. For example, the Gr5a subfamily, which consist of Gr5a (encoding a trehalose receptor) [49][50][51], Gr61a, and Gr64a-f share sequence similarity in the range of 60% and are thought to encode receptors that detect diverse sugars [15]. Likewise, a subfamily comprising six genes, Gr39a.a, Gr39a.b, Gr39a.c, Gr39a.d, and Gr68a, has been proposed to encode receptors for various pheromones, most likely long-chain HCs, because of the critical involvement of Gr68a in female pheromone sensing during male courtship [5,52].…”

Section: Gustatory Receptor Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An allelic variant of a gene involved in the detection of the sugar trehalose was initially identified in a laboratory strain [57]; flies in this strain showed a reduced sensitivity for the sugar trehalose but not other sugars such as sucrose, and this allele was later mapped to the Gr5a gene [49,51]. Subsequently, null alleles of Gr5a were generated, as well as transgene rescue constructs, and flies lacking GR5a altogether were shown to display diminished behavioral as well as electrophysiological response to trehalose but not other sugars [51]. Importantly, the lack of GR5a does not lead to complete loss of trehalose detection but rather to a reduced sensitivity for this sugar.…”

Section: Gr Ligandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taste and pheromone perception in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

Ebbs

Amrein

2007

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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Taste is an essential sense for detection of nutrient-rich food and avoidance of toxic substances. The Drosophila melanogaster gustatory system provides an excellent model to study taste perception and taste-elicited behaviors. "The fly" is unique in the animal kingdom with regard to available experimental tools, which include a wide repertoire of molecular-genetic analyses (i.e., efficient production of transgenics and gene knockouts), elegant behavioral assays, and the possibility to conduct electrophysiological investigations. In addition, fruit flies, like humans, recognize sugars as a food source, but avoid bitter tasting substances that are often toxic to insects and mammals alike. This paper will present recent research progress in the field of taste and contact pheromone perception in the fruit fly. First, we shall describe the anatomical properties of the Drosophila gustatory system and survey the family of taste receptors to provide an appropriate background. We shall then review taste and pheromone perception mainly from a molecular genetic perspective that includes behavioral, electrophysiological and imaging analyses of wild type flies and flies with genetically manipulated taste cells. Finally, we shall provide an outlook of taste research in this elegant model system for the next few years.Keywords Drosophila . Gustatory receptor neurons . GTP-binding protein-coupled receptors Like most animals, Drosophila monitor their chemical world with two distinct senses: the olfactory system, which is used for the detection of volatile chemicals, and the gustatory (taste) system, which enables the fly to detect soluble compounds. The olfactory sensory system (or the fly nose) is comprised of two pairwise head appendages, the third segments of the antennae, and the maxillary palps (Fig. 1). These appendages are covered with hundreds of sensory hairs, each of which contains two to four olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) [1]. In contrast, the gustatory system is widely distributed over the animal's body. The main taste organ, the proboscis or labial palps (i.e., the fly tongue), is located on the distal end of the labellum (also a head appendage), but flies, like many other insects, have taste sensilla on legs and wings and, in females, on the genitalia [1,2].The roles of the olfactory and taste systems are clearly separated with regard to the physical state of chemicals they detect (volatile vs solubilized). However, the two systems often cooperate to fulfill specific functions in related processes and behaviors, the most obvious of them being the location and identification of food. For example, chemical cues such as the specific odor of a flower and the sugar compounds present in its nectar are by nature associated with one another. Thus, the odor cue provides a primary sensory input for an insect such as a honeybee to locate a food source (nectar), whose particular chemical composition is subsequently verified by the taste system. Similarly, the typical odor of yeast, which produces high amounts of t...

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“…The most of gustatory receptor genes located on the left arm of chromosome 3 (Ueno et al, 2001;Dahanuker et al, 2001). Quinine has major toxic effects on the nervous system including optic and auditory nerve damage secondary to both vascular and neural injury.…”

Section: Data Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

GENETIC AND BEHAVIORAL INFLUENCES OF QUININE AND MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON Drosophila melanogaster

El-Keredy

2014

Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology

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A Gr receptor is required for response to the sugar trehalose in taste neurons of Drosophila

Cited by 251 publications

References 28 publications

Carbon dioxide receptor genes in cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera

Carbon dioxide receptor genes in cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera

Taste and pheromone perception in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

GENETIC AND BEHAVIORAL INFLUENCES OF QUININE AND MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON Drosophila melanogaster

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