“…The cultural accommodation and relatively peaceful coexistence that had been practiced by the French settlers and the Quapaws of the Arkansas River valley yielded to a new American agricultural society that was less tolerant of Quapaw, Cherokee, Choctaw, and Osage neighbors. 3 Historian Morris S. Arnold explained of the Arkansas delta region: "When the American era dawned in Arkansas, it revealed a very small, mostly uneducated population of approximately four hundred Frenchmen and a Quapaw tribe so decimated by disease, alcohol, and warfare that it probably numbered no more than five hundred itself." 4 Then, as historian Jeannie Whayne explained, "Thousands of whites and Indians … moved into the territory" following the American acquisition "and the nature of the relationship between them altered dramatically."…”