A glyphosate-based herbicide in a free-choice test on parasitism, emergence, and female-biased sex ratio of 10 Trichogrammatidae

Pontes, Jonas Pereira; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Bispo, Edilson Paulo Rodrigues; Tavares, Wagner de Souza; Menezes, Claubert Wagner Guimarães de; Wilcken, Carlos Frederico; Zanúncio, José Cola

doi:10.1007/s41348-019-00277-x

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The lower emergence rate of T. soaresi, T. acacioi, T. annulata, T. atopovirilia, T. bruni, T. brasiliensis, T. demoraesi, and T. galloi females also followed a pattern similar to that of the oviposition for these species, indicating high mortality of immature stages (i.e., larva and/or pupa) of these parasitoids inside the host eggs. [18,24]. The emergence rate of T. annulata, T. bennetti, T. bruni, T. brasiliensis, T. demoraesi, T. galloi, and T. soaresi females, similar between the use of Sanson 40 SC® (a.i.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The insects were reared and the experiment developed in a room at 25 Colonies of parasitoids are kept in 500 mL glass jars with the opening closed with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic lm [24,62]. Trichogrammatidae are collected from eld crops, and new individuals are added to the laboratory colonies every six months [24].…”

Section: Experimental Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ephestia kuehniella eggs, an insect pest of stored products and sub-products [63,64,65], are used as an alternative host for parasitoids [24]. Immature stages of E. kuehniella are reared on a diet consisting of wheat bran, Triticum aestivum L. (Poales: Poaceae) and cornmeal in a 48.5:48.5% proportion with 3% beer yeast [41].…”

Section: Experimental Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ephestia kuehniella adults, immediately after emergence, are transferred to plastic cages (24 cm high × 12 cm diameter) with the upper opening covered with organza fabric and the base opening placed on a plastic plate, for mating and egg deposition [40]. Ephestia kuehniella moths are collected every six months in warehouses to add new individuals to the laboratory colony [24].…”

Section: Experimental Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…given to the insects in either free-choice or no-choice feeding in the laboratory [23]. These tests are characterized by treating the host with pesticides during pre-(free-choice) or post-submission (no-choice) to parasitism [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Tolerance of Trichogramma Pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to the Mixture of the Herbicides Nicosulfuron Plus Atrazine

Leite¹,

Cordeiro²,

Santos³

et al. 2020

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Background: Maize, Zea mays (Poaceae), is one of the most important crops in the world, but defoliating caterpillars (Lepidoptera) and weeds can reduce the productivity of this plant. The control of weeds in the maize crop in Brazil is mainly accomplished with nicosulfuron- and atrazine-based herbicides, and of lepidopteran pest eggs with use of several species of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera) parasitoids released. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rates of parasitism and emergence of females and the sex ratio (%) of 10 Trichogrammatidae species, in a free-choice test, submitted to a mixture of the herbicides Sanson 40 SC® (a.i. nicosulfuron; dose: 30 g.ha–1) + Gesaprim 500 Ciba-Geigy® (a.i. atrazine; dose: 1500 g.ha–1) in the laboratory.Results: The parasitism rate (%) of Trichogramma acacioi Brun, Moraes & Soares, Trichogrammatoidea annulata de Santis, Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner, Trichogramma bennetti Nagaraja & Nagarkatti, Trichogramma brunni Nagaraja, Trichogramma brasiliensis Ashmead, Trichogramma demoraesi Nagaraja, Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, and Trichogramma soaresi Nagaraja was lower with the herbicide mixture of nicosulfuron + atrazine than the control and, therefore, this mixture was considered to be slightly harmful (i.e., class II of the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control) to these parasitoids. This solution reduced the emergence rate (%) of female T. acacioi, T. annulata, T. atopovirilia, T. bruni, T. brasiliensis, T. demoraesi, T. galloi, and T. soaresi, being classified as harmless to T. soaresi, moderately harmful to T. galloi and slightly harmful to the other species. The herbicide mixture of nicosulfuron + atrazine reduced the sex ratio of T. acacioi, T. atopovirilia, T. bruni, T. demoraesi, T. galloi, and T. soaresi, being classified as harmless to T. annulata and T. brasiliensis, and slightly harmful to the other species.Conclusions: The biological parameters (i.e., rates of parasitism and emergence and the sex ratio) of T. pretiosum, followed by T. bennetti, T. annulata and T. brasiliensis were the least affected by the herbicide mixture. These species should be chosen for release, on pieces of paperboard with parasitized E. kuehniella eggs, in crops together with the application of nicosulfuron + atrazine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%