A glutathione biosensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with CdO nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes in a nafion matrix

Deposition of nanomaterials: A crucial step in biosensor fabrication

“…In another study, a hybrid composite of NiO NPs, PANI, and GO was deposited onto GCE using a two-step process [224]. Aniline and GO were mixed and coated on the surface of GCE followed by NiO NPs electrodeposition on aniline/GO/GCE in NiCl2 solution using a chronoamperometric process, which polymerized the aniline and deposited NiO NPs [249]; graphene embedded in a bowl-shaped PPy microcontainer was used for dopamine detection [250], Pt-incorporated fullerene-like ZnO nanospheres deposited onto GCE was used for cholesterol detection [251], Au NPs-rGO deposited onto GCE was used for determination of methylmercury (CH3Hg + ) in fish [252], and many more [253][254][255][256]. Notably, the direct electrodeposition of composite nanomaterials has been preferred for realizing the high conductivity and synergistic effect between the composite materials for biosensing applications.…”

“…To fabricate highly selective and sensitive glucose biosensors, GOx was immobilized on electrochemically deposited nanostructures, which presented excellent sensing performance during glucose detection[234][235][236][237][238][239][240]. However, the stability of such biosensors remains challenging due to the use of enzymes.In addition, electrochemically deposited nanomaterials onto electrode surfaces were used for a variety of biosensor applications[241][242][243][244][245][246][247][248][249][250][251][252][253][254][255][256]. For instance, electrochemical co-deposited cytochrome c and vertically aligned rGO onto GCE were used for H2O2 and Au nanostructures deposited onto an FTO substrate was used for Escherichia coli detection[245]; a two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 nanosheet onto Au-coated was used for nonesterified fatty acid biomarker monitoring[246]; iron terephthalate SPEs metal-organic framework onto GCE was used for H2O2 and nitrite detection[247]; cubic Cu2O nanocages loaded with Au NPs onto GCE was used for thrombin detection [248]; Nafion-coated mesoporous Pd film onto an Au substrate was used for detection of lactic acid…”

d-Glucose sensor based on ZnO·V2O5 NRs by an enzyme-free electrochemical approach

“…The UV-Vis spectra of the ZnO NPs, V 2 O 5 NRs, and ZnO$V 2 O 5 NRs were recorded at 200-800 nm and expansive absorption bands were found (Table S1 † Table S1 †). [23][24][25][26][27][28] BGEðeVÞ ¼ 1240 Based on the XRD study, it can be suggested that a signicant amount of crystalline ZnO$V 2 O 5 was presented in the prepared NRs. 3,29,30 The average particle diameter (i.e., crystallite size) and lattice strains of the NRs were calculated using Scherrer's formula (eqn x), where D p ¼ average particle diameter (nm), l ¼ X-ray wavelength ( A), b ¼ line broadening NRs were collected at lower to higher magnication ( Fig.…”

The synthesis and application of (E)-N′-(benzo[d]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)-4-methyl-benzenesulfonohydrazide for the detection of carcinogenic lead

“…Electrochemical sensors represent a capable advancement to complement the previously published procedures owing to their easy instrumentation, low cost, high selectivity and sensitivity, and signicant properties for the successful detection of heavy metal ions. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In this research, a simple, sensitive, and selective Pb 2+ sensor was developed based on (E)-N 0 -(benzo[d]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)-4-methyl-benzenesulfonohydrazide derivatives modied on a GCE with 5% conducting Naon polymer matrix via an electrochemical approach under ambient conditions. [1,3]-dioxole carbaldehyde, BSH, 4-MBSH, AgNO 3 , AuCl 3 , CaCl 2 , FeCl 3 , MgCl 2 , Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , ZnSO 4 , SnCl 2 , EtOH, NaH 2 PO 4 , Na 2 HPO 4 , and NF (5.0 weight% in water and lower aliphatic alcohol containing 45.0% water) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Company, KSA and used as received.…”