A Glucose-Responsive Hydrogel Platform Based on Poly(vinyl alcohol) for Enhanced Diabetic Wound Healing

Abstract

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represent a common and challenging wound in clinical practice. The treatment of DFUs is hindered by various factors, including increased inflammation, impaired cell migration and proliferation, and abnormal blood vessel formation due to oxidative stress in a hyperglycemic environment. To enhance the therapeutic outcomes of DFUs, we have developed an intelligent hydrogel through modification with catechol and phenylboronic ester grafts. This hydrogel exhibits high glucose responsiveness and adhesiveness. The experiments have demonstrated that the dissociation of boronic ester bonds enables dynamic regulation of the diabetic microenvironment, allowing controlled release of antidiabetic drugs, thereby effectively promoting wound healing. The hydrogel possesses excellent tissue adhesion, conforming seamlessly to the skin and offering effective protection against external stresses during the tissue repair process in diabetic wounds. Research findings indicate that the hydrogel efficiently scavenges free radicals, ameliorating the oxidative stress at the wound site. Simultaneously, it facilitates cell migration, propelling angiogenesis, improving the healing process of diabetic wounds, and enhancing collagen deposition and tissue remodeling. This adhesive and glucose-responsive antioxidant hydrogel holds immense potential in the treatment of DFUs.