A glossary for stem-cell biology

Smith, Austin

doi:10.1038/nature04954

Cited by 165 publications

(122 citation statements)

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“…Abbreviations: CFU-f, colony-forming units-fibroblast; N.S., not significant. cell [42]. Our data show that NAMP are able to expand as a nonadherent population in vitro, but that they require the adherent BM fraction for the maintenance of their progenitor properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Maintains a Niche-Dependent Population of Self-Renewing Highly Potent Non-adherent Mesenchymal Progenitors Through FGFR2c

et al. 2012

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Bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are a heterogeneous population of multipotent progenitors currently under investigation for a variety of applications in regenerative medicine. While self-renewal of stem cells in different tissues has been demonstrated to be regulated by specialized microenvironments called niches, it is still unclear whether a self-renewing niche also exists for MSC. Here, we show that primary human BM cultures contain a population of intrinsically non-adherent mesenchymal progenitors (NAMP) with features of more primitive progenitors than the initially adhering colonyforming units-fibroblast (CFU-f). In fact, NAMP could generate an adherent progeny: (a) enriched with early mesenchymal populations (CD1461, SSEA-11, and SSEA-41); (b) with significantly greater proliferation and multilineage differentiation potential in vitro; and (c) capable of threefold greater bone formation in vivo than the corresponding CFU-f. Upon serial replating, NAMP were able to regenerate and expand in suspension as non-adherent clonogenic progenitors, while also giving rise to an adherent progeny. This took place at the cost of a gradual loss of proliferative potential, shown by a reduction in colony size, which could be completely prevented when NAMP were expanded on the initially adhering BM fraction. Mechanistically, we found that NAMP crucially depend on fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 signaling through FGFR2c for their survival and expansion. Furthermore, NAMP maintenance depends at least in part on humoral signals distinct from FGF-2. In conclusion, our data show a niche/progenitor organization in vitro, in which the BM adherent fraction provides a self-renewing microenvironment for primitive NAMP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Maintains a Niche-Dependent Population of Self-Renewing Highly Potent Non-adherent Mesenchymal Progenitors Through FGFR2c

et al. 2012

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“…There is at least some evidence that these diverse stem cell types are derived from other stem cells and, thus, that neural crest stem cells are somehow modified in time. This concept appears to challenge the stem cell definition we are using, because they are not "continuously producing unaltered daughters" (Smith, 2006). However, it is important to remember that stem cell behavior in the changing in vivo environment might be expected to be less constant than that under standardized culture conditions; hence, longterm changes in stem cell properties in vivo are not to be considered inconsistent with our stem cell definition.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, the stem cell concept is plagued by multiple, partially overlapping definitions. Recently, Smith proposed a unifying stem cell biology vocabulary (Smith, 2006). He defined a stem cell as "a cell that can continuously produce unaltered daughters and also has the ability to produce daughter cells that have different, more restricted properties."…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“….limited in their capacity for selfrenewal and differentiation potential," but as we shall see in many cases the full potential of NC-derived stem cells is still to be explored and the capacity for self-renewal is rarely tested extensively enough to define whether it is "indefinite." Instead, Smith distinguishes multipotent (can form all lineages constituting a tissue), oligopotent (forms two or more lineages), and unipotent (one lineage only) stem cells (Smith, 2006), and we will do so here, although we note that this issue is confounded by our incomplete knowledge of the conditions required to specify each individual fate, so that definitive testing of full potential has thus far not been achieved. We will use the term progenitor as a generic term for precursor cells, whether stem cells or not, principally in discussion of experimental data in which self-renewal capacity was not reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The proliferating field of neural crest stem cells

Delfino‐Machín

Chipperfield

Rodrigues

et al. 2007

Developmental Dynamics

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Neural crest stem cells were first isolated from early embryonic neural crest in the early 1990s, but in the past 5 years, there has been a burst of discoveries of neural crest-derived stem cells from diverse locations. Here, we summarize these data, highlighting the characteristics of each stem cell type. These cells vary widely in the markers they express and the variety of cell types they appear to generate. They occupy diverse locations, but in some cases multiple stem cell types apparently occupy physically proximate niches. To date, few molecular similarities can be identified between these stem cells, although a systematic comparison is required. We note other issues worthy of attention, including aspects of the in vivo behavior of these stem cells, their niches, and their lineage relationships. Together, analysis of these issues will clarify this expanding, but still young, field and contribute to exploration of the important therapeutic potential of these cells. Developmental Dynamics 236:3242-3254, 2007.

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“…Currently due to their ability to produce multiple cell types and self renew 14 , stem cells have gained popularity as a cell source for tissue engineering. Stem cells can be isolated from multiple sources including adult tissue [15][16][17][18][19] , umbilical cord blood 20 , amniotic fluid 21 and embryos 22 .…”

Section: Cell Sources For Tissue Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue engineering with nano-fibrous scaffolds

2008

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Tissue Engineering is a rapidly evolving field in terms of cell source and scaffold fabrication. As the template for three dimensional tissue growth, the scaffold should emulate the native extracellular matrix, which is nano-fibrous. Currently, there are three basic techniques capable of generating nanofibrous scaffolding: electrospinning, molecular self-assembly, and thermally induced phase separation. These scaffolds can then be further modified by various three dimensional surface modification techniques if necessary to more precisely emulate the native extracellular matrix. However, even without further modification, nano-fibrous scaffolds have been shown to have advantageous effects on cellular behavior and tissue formation when compared to more traditional types of scaffolding. This review focuses on the current state of tissue engineering with nano-fibrous scaffolding with particular emphasis on bone tissue engineering.

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A glossary for stem-cell biology

Cited by 165 publications

References 0 publications

Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Maintains a Niche-Dependent Population of Self-Renewing Highly Potent Non-adherent Mesenchymal Progenitors Through FGFR2c

Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Maintains a Niche-Dependent Population of Self-Renewing Highly Potent Non-adherent Mesenchymal Progenitors Through FGFR2c

The proliferating field of neural crest stem cells

Tissue engineering with nano-fibrous scaffolds

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