A global synthesis of the current knowledge on the taxonomic and geographic distribution of major coral diseases

Morais, Juliano; Cardoso, Aiara P.L.R; Santos, Bráulio A.

doi:10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100231

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…We encourage the investigation of the genotype-environment interaction to shed light on the ecoepidemiology underlying the differences between the coral species and between shallow and deep populations of the same species (S. stellata) (Kelley et al 2021). This is critical to pushing the study of coral diseases in Southwestern Atlantic beyond the observation of bleaching events (Morais et al 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Because diseases are spread over the entire gradient of depth, any attempt of managing the diseases should consider both shallow and deep reefs to be effective. As recently argued, the ecoepidemiology of coral diseases deserves more space in the research agenda of reef ecosystems, especially in the mesophotic zone (Morais et al 2022). Survey efforts should…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there is an extensive body of literature documenting the impact of disease on corals, most of these studies are based on corals settled in shallow reefs (Montilla et al 2019;Howells et al 2020;Bloomberg and Holstein 2021). Our understanding on the dynamics of coral diseases in mesophotic ecosystems (MCEs; between 30 and 150 m depth) is still in its infancy (Weil 2019;Williams et al 2021;Morais et al 2022), especially in the Southwestern Atlantic, where in-depth investigations on MCEs are even more recent Soares et al 2018). This lack of scientific research contrasts with the unique MCEs biodiversity and ecological services (Soares et al 2020b) and calls attention for the understanding of key ecological interactions along depth gradients, including coral diseases (Rogers et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and extent of coral diseases in shallow and mesophotic reefs of the Southwestern Atlantic

Morais

Santos

2022

Coral Reefs

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Coral reef ecology has advanced in many fields, but disease patterns across depth gradients remain unclear. By comparing the prevalence and extent of bleaching and diseases in 160 colonies of Siderastrea stellata between shallow and mesophotic reefs, we observed that prevalence was high (75%) regardless of depth, but the extent was about two times greater in mesophotic than shallow reefs (14.4% vs. 6.6% of colony area, respectively). Across the shallow reefs, where S. stellata co-occurred with Montastraea cavernosa, M. cavernosa showed lower prevalence (27% of 30 colonies) and extent (1.8% of colony area) compared to S. stellata. Besides bleaching, five coral diseases afflicted S. stellata and two affected M. cavernosa. Because diseases are spread over the entire gradient of depth, any attempt of managing the diseases should consider both shallow and deep reefs to be effective.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and extent of coral diseases in shallow and mesophotic reefs of the Southwestern Atlantic

Morais

Santos

2022

Coral Reefs

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“…Roseofilum reptotaenium , the cyanobacterial engineer of black band disease (BBD) in corals [ 7 ], is found in tropical coral reefs around the world and impacts at least 72 coral species [ 27 ]. Here, we uncovered cryptic diversity among Roseofilum strains through both chemical and genomic analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic Diversity of Black Band Disease Cyanobacteria in Siderastrea siderea Corals Revealed by Chemical Ecology and Comparative Genome-Resolved Metagenomics

et al. 2023

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Black band disease is a globally distributed and easily recognizable coral disease. Despite years of study, the etiology of this coral disease, which impacts dozens of stony coral species, is not completely understood. Although black band disease mats are predominantly composed of the cyanobacterial species Roseofilum reptotaenium, other filamentous cyanobacterial strains and bacterial heterotrophs are readily detected. Through chemical ecology and metagenomic sequencing, we uncovered cryptic strains of Roseofilum species from Siderastrea siderea corals that differ from those on other corals in the Caribbean and Pacific. Isolation of metabolites from Siderastrea-derived Roseofilum revealed the prevalence of unique forms of looekeyolides, distinct from previously characterized Roseofilum reptotaenium strains. In addition, comparative genomics of Roseofilum strains showed that only Siderastrea-based Roseofilum strains have the genetic capacity to produce lasso peptides, a family of compounds with diverse biological activity. All nine Roseofilum strains examined here shared the genetic capacity to produce looekeyolides and malyngamides, suggesting these compounds support the ecology of this genus. Similar biosynthetic gene clusters are not found in other cyanobacterial genera associated with black band disease, which may suggest that looekeyolides and malyngamides contribute to disease etiology through yet unknown mechanisms.

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“…Fourth, there is a need for more research across a greater range of locations to ensure a more geographically robust understanding of coral disease. The Caribbean is highly studied as it was impacted by disease during the past four decades and has a high research presence in the region (Morais et al, 2022), whereas little data exists for many Indian Ocean reefs. We expect these improvements to enable better comparisons for systematic reviews to understand global trends and drivers of coral disease.…”

Section: Limitations and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of rising temperatures on the prevalence of coral diseases and its predictability: a global meta-analysis

Burke¹,

Pottier²,

Lagisz³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Coral reefs are under threat from disease as climate change alters environmental conditions. Rising temperatures exacerbate coral disease, but this relationship is likely complex as other factors also influence coral disease prevalence. To better understand this relationship, we meta-analytically examined 108 studies for changes in global coral disease over time alongside temperature, expressed using average summer sea surface temperature (SST) and cumulative heat stress as weekly sea surface temperature anomalies (WSSTAs). We found both rising average summer SST and WSSTA were associated with global increases in the mean and variability in coral disease prevalence. We showed global coral disease prevalence reached 9.92% compared to 3.16% in 1992, and the effect of ‘year’ became more stable (i.e., has lower variance), contrasting to the effects of the two temperature stressors. Regional patterns diverged over time and differed in response to average summer SST. Our model predicted that, under the same trajectory, 76.8% of corals would be diseased globally by 2100, even assuming moderate average summer SST and WSSTA. These results highlight the need for urgent action to mitigate coral disease. Mitigating the impact of rising ocean temperatures on coral disease alone is a complex challenge requiring global discussion and further study.

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A global synthesis of the current knowledge on the taxonomic and geographic distribution of major coral diseases

Cited by 18 publications

References 154 publications

Prevalence and extent of coral diseases in shallow and mesophotic reefs of the Southwestern Atlantic

Prevalence and extent of coral diseases in shallow and mesophotic reefs of the Southwestern Atlantic

Cryptic Diversity of Black Band Disease Cyanobacteria in Siderastrea siderea Corals Revealed by Chemical Ecology and Comparative Genome-Resolved Metagenomics

The impact of rising temperatures on the prevalence of coral diseases and its predictability: a global meta-analysis

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