A global‐scale map of isoprene and volatile organic iodine in surface seawater of the <scp>A</scp>rctic, <scp>N</scp>orthwest <scp>P</scp>acific, <scp>I</scp>ndian, and <scp>S</scp>outhern <scp>O</scp>ceans

Ooki, Atsushi; Nomura, Daïki; Nishino, Shigeto; Kikuchi, Takashi; Yokouchi, Yoko

doi:10.1002/2014jc010519

Cited by 53 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The total average concentration of CH 2 ClI in all Pacificorigin water (ACW + BSAW + PMLW + CDW) was 5.0 pmol L −1 , which is within the global ocean surface aver- age values in the range of 3.7-6.6 pmol L −1 in shelf-slope areas (Ooki et al, 2015). High concentrations of CH 2 ClI were found in all the ACW samples except for St76, with an average of 8.7 ± 3.6(1σ ) pmol L −1 from the Bering Strait to the Central Chukchi shelf-slope (Table 7).…”

Section: Chloroiodomethane (Ch 2 Cli)supporting

confidence: 58%

“…The total average concentration of CH 3 I in all Pacificorigin water (ACW + BSAW + PMLW + CDW) was 2.2 pmol L −1 , which corresponds to the global ocean surface average values (in the range of 2.3-2.6 pmol L −1 ) in shelf slope areas (Ooki et al, 2015). Globally, the polar surface waters had the lowest concentrations of CH 3 I (1.0-1.5 pmol L −1 ) among all water types from tropical to polar (total average 2.3-3.7 pmol L −1 ).…”

Section: Iodomethane (Ch 3 I)mentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Other nutrient components (NO We could not find any correlation between VOIs and Chl a, even though previous incubation experiments have indicated that many marine phytoplankton species produce VOIs as they grow (Tokarczyk and Moore, 1994;Moore et al, 1996;Manley and de la Cuesta, 1997). However, high and low concentrations of VOIs in surface seawater have also been attributed to varying high and low biological productivity in different types of water (e.g., from tropical to polar) and different sea areas (shelf, slope, basin; Ooki et al, 2015). It seems that Chl a is not a main factor in the verticalhorizontal distributions of VOIs on a regional scale, such as the Chukchi Sea and adjacent sea area, implying that large fractions of VOI abundances in coastal sea area were not directly emitted from living phytoplankton, as discussed in later Sects.…”

Section: Correlation Analysis and Voi Productionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The total average concentration of C 2 H 5 I in all Pacificorigin water (ACW + BSAW + PMLW + CDW) was 0.84 pmol L −1 , which is 1.5-3 times the global ocean surface average values in the range of 0.23-0.59 pmol L −1 in shelf-slope areas (Ooki et al, 2015).…”

Section: Iodoethane (C 2 H 5 I)mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In a recent global mapping of VOIs in the surface mixed layer (Ooki et al, 2015), the Chukchi Sea shelf in the western Arctic Ocean was found to have the second-highest concentration of CH 2 ClI (average: 5.7 pmol L −1 ) among all water types (tropical, subtropical, transitional, subpolar, and polar) and ocean areas (shelf, slope, and basin). In the shelfslope areas, CH 2 ClI had the largest flux to the atmosphere of three VOIs (CH 3 I, C 2 H 5 I, and CH 2 ClI).…”

Section: A Ooki Et Al: Volatile Organic Iodine Compounds In Seawatementioning

confidence: 98%

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Concentration maxima of volatile organic iodine compounds in the bottom layer water and the cold, dense water over the Chukchi Sea in the western Arctic Ocean: a possibility of production related to the degradation of organic matter

et al. 2016

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Abstract. We conducted a shipboard observation over the Chukchi Sea and the Canada Basin in the western Arctic Ocean in September and October 2012 to obtain vertical distributions of four volatile organic iodine compounds (VOIs) in seawater. The VOIs observed in this study were iodomethane (CH 3 I), iodoethane (C 2 H 5 I), diiodomethane (CH 2 I 2 ), and chloroiodomethane (CH 2 ClI). Maximum concentrations of the four VOIs were found in the bottom layer water over the Chukchi Sea shelf, in which layer the maximum concentration of ammonium (NH + 4 ) also occurred. A significant correlation was observed between C 2 H 5 I and NH + 4 (correlation coefficient R = 0.93, P < 0.01, n = 64) and between CH 3 I and NH + 4 (R = 0.77, P < 0.01, n = 64), suggesting that the production of these VOIs increased with the degradation of organic matter. Over the northern Chukchi Sea shelf-slope area, concentration maxima of CH 2 I 2 , CH 2 ClI, and CH 3 I were found in the subsurface cold, dense water (CDW). A large nitrogen deficit (N deficit = NH ) occurred simultaneously in this water, suggesting the production of the three VOIs in the sediment or the bottom layer water over the shelf, probably in association with the degradation of organic matter. We conclude that VOI production over the Chukchi Sea shelf can be largely attributed to the degradation of organic matter that is produced in the highly productive shelf water. High concentrations of CH 2 ClI were also found in the Alaskan Coastal Water (ACW) from the Bering Strait to the surface of the northern Chukchi slope. The VOIs that originated at the Chukchi Sea shelf are expected to be laterally transported to the Arctic Ocean basin through the CDW and the surface ACW.

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Section: Chloroiodomethane (Ch 2 Cli)supporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Iodomethane (Ch 3 I)mentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Correlation Analysis and Voi Productionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Iodoethane (C 2 H 5 I)mentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: A Ooki Et Al: Volatile Organic Iodine Compounds In Seawatementioning

confidence: 98%

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Concentration maxima of volatile organic iodine compounds in the bottom layer water and the cold, dense water over the Chukchi Sea in the western Arctic Ocean: a possibility of production related to the degradation of organic matter

et al. 2016

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Potential controls of isoprene in the surface ocean

Hackenberg

Andrews

Airs

et al. 2017

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Isoprene surface ocean concentrations and vertical distribution, atmospheric mixing ratios, and calculated sea-to-air fluxes spanning approximately 125°of latitude (80°N-45°S) over the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans are reported. Oceanic isoprene concentrations were associated with a number of concurrently monitored biological variables including chlorophyll a (Chl a), photoprotective pigments, integrated primary production (intPP), and cyanobacterial cell counts, with higher isoprene concentrations relative to all respective variables found at sea surface temperatures greater than 20°C. The correlation between isoprene and the sum of photoprotective carotenoids, which is reported here for the first time, was the most consistent across all cruises. Parameterizations based on linear regression analyses of these relationships perform well for Arctic and Atlantic data, producing a better fit to observations than an existing Chl a-based parameterization. Global extrapolation of isoprene surface water concentrations using satellite-derived Chl a and intPP reproduced general trends in the in situ data and absolute values within a factor of 2 between 60% and 85%, depending on the data set and algorithm used.

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Remote sensing retrieval of isoprene concentrations in the Southern Ocean

Rodríguez-Ros

Galí

Cortés

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Isoprene produced by marine phytoplankton acts as a precursor of secondary organic aerosol and thereby affects cloud formation and brightness over the remote oceans. Yet the marine isoprene emission is poorly constrained, with discrepancies among estimates that reach 2 orders of magnitude. Here we present ISOREMS, the first satellite-only based algorithm for the retrieval of isoprene concentration in the Southern Ocean. Sea surface concentrations from six cruises were matched with remotely sensed variables from MODIS Aqua, and isoprene was best predicted by multiple linear regression with chlorophyll a and sea surface temperature. Climatological (2002Climatological ( -2018 isoprene distributions computed with ISOREMS revealed high concentrations in coastal and near-island waters, and within the 40-50°S latitudinal band. Isoprene seasonality paralleled phytoplankton productivity, with annual maxima in summer. The annual Southern Ocean emission of isoprene was estimated at 63 Gg C yr −1 . The algorithm can provide spatially and temporally realistic inputs to atmospheric and climate models. Plain Language SummaryIsoprene is a marine trace gas with climatic relevance in remote regions of the ocean, because it reacts readily in the atmosphere to produce aerosols (atmospheric particles) that make clouds brighter. In the Southern Ocean, however, its regional emission is poorly quantified. We explored the capability of satellite observations (MODIS Aqua, NASA) to reconstruct isoprene concentrations measured in the Southern Ocean during various oceanographic cruises. We found an empirical relationship between isoprene and sea surface chlorophyll and temperature and used it to produce regional maps of isoprene emission. The new tool presented here, named ISOREMS, enables detailed exploration of the role of ocean-leaving isoprene in the Southern Ocean atmosphere.

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A global‐scale map of isoprene and volatile organic iodine in surface seawater of the Arctic, Northwest Pacific, Indian, and Southern Oceans

Cited by 53 publications

References 68 publications

Concentration maxima of volatile organic iodine compounds in the bottom layer water and the cold, dense water over the Chukchi Sea in the western Arctic Ocean: a possibility of production related to the degradation of organic matter

Concentration maxima of volatile organic iodine compounds in the bottom layer water and the cold, dense water over the Chukchi Sea in the western Arctic Ocean: a possibility of production related to the degradation of organic matter

Potential controls of isoprene in the surface ocean

Remote sensing retrieval of isoprene concentrations in the Southern Ocean

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