A global response of the total electron content of the ionosphere to the magnetic storm of 17 and 18 June 1972

Essex, E. A.; Mendillo, M.; Schödel, J. P.; Klobuchar, J. A.; Rosa, Aldo Vieira da; Yeh, K. C.; Fritz, R. B.; Hibberd, F. H.; Kersley, L.; Koster, John R.; Matsoukas, D. A.; Nakata, Yoshiaki; Roelofs, T.H.

doi:10.1016/0021-9169(81)90091-x

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Sixteen ionospheric storms examined by Sastri (1988) at Northern Hemisphere sites all occurred in the northern summer and equinoctial months in agreement with the seasonal dependence reported here and elsewhere (e.g. Essex et al, 1981;Titheridge and Buonsanto, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Combined TOPEX/Poseidon TEC and ionosonde observations of negative low-latitude ionospheric storms

et al. 2004

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Abstract. Ionospheric storms showing a strong depression in daytime foF2 values were sought which penetrated to lowlatitudes, as identified by vertical ionosondes operating at Darwin and Townsville over the period [1992][1993][1994][1995][1996][1997][1998]. The 32 storms thus identified showed a seasonal occurrence peaking near the equinoxes with a bias to the summer side. Of these storms, three (27 March 1995, 25 October 1997, 8 November 1997 combined Australian and South East Asian ionosonde observations with local afternoon TOPEX/Poseidon measurements of TEC. The equatorial anomaly is usually well developed at this time of day and consequently these storms were chosen for detailed study. The TOPEX/Poseidon satellite provided vertical profiles of the ionosphere across both hemispheres, thus allowing the totality of storm behaviour to be observed for the first time at low-latitudes and related directly to the ionosonde observations. The three storms were remarkably consistent in their behaviour, the negative ionospheric storm day followed some 24-36 h after the beginning of a magnetic storm and the development of the equatorial anomaly was suppressed. However, the suppression of the equatorial anomaly was not the main cause of the strong depression in foF2 observed by the Southern Hemisphere ionosondes. The latter was associated with an additional bite-out in both TEC and foF2 that occurred on the southern side of the magnetic equator. None of the three storms produced any major negative disturbance outside the range of normal variability of TEC and foF2 at the northern latitude sites for which data was available, despite the absence of the anomaly. The satellite measurements show the strength of the anomaly to be highly variable from day-today and anomaly peaks are frequently not present even on magnetically quiet days. Thus, an absence of anomaly peaks is contained within the normal variability of non-storm days. The north-south asymmetry and seasonal occurrence are consistent with an enhancement of the normal summer-to-winter system carrying compositional changes induced by energyCorrespondence to: K. J. W. Lynn (kenlynn@nbcnet.com.au) inputs at auroral latitudes to equatorial latitudes not usually reached. The ability of associated atmospheric and/or electric field changes to coincidentally switch off the equatorial E region electrojet remains to be explained, as indeed does the large range of variability in equatorial anomaly development from day-to-day evident in the TEC measurements outside periods of geomagnetic disturbance. Some possible positive storm effects occurring on the day preceding the negative storm phase are also noted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Combined TOPEX/Poseidon TEC and ionosonde observations of negative low-latitude ionospheric storms

et al. 2004

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“…The significant ionospheric change may have been caused by the eastward equatorial electric field during the storm. Essex et al (1981) used data from 18 global stations to study the ionospheric response after the geomagnetic storm on 17 June 1972, and compared it with the ionospheric response after the magnetic storm on 17 December 1971. A number of studies focused on the statistical properties of ionospheric storms. Balan et al (2010) used TEC and N max data to investigate the time of occurrence and strength of the ionospheric response at low latitudes after the 60 magnetic storms that occurred from 1968 to 1972.…”

Section: Published By Copernicus Publications On Behalf Of the Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial variations in ionospheric electron density profiles over South Africa during strong magnetic storms

Yao

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Observations from the South African TrigNet global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and vertical total electron content (VTEC) data from the Jason-1 satellite were used to analyze the variations in ionospheric electron density profiles over South Africa before and after the severe geomagnetic storms on 15 May 2005. Computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) was used to inverse the 3-D structure of ionospheric electron density and its response to the magnetic storms. Inversion results showed that electron density significantly increased at 10:00 UT, 15 May compared with that at the same period on 14 May. Positive ionospheric storms were observed in the inversion region during the magnetic storms. Jason-1 data show that the VTEC observed on descending orbits on 15 May significantly increased, whereas that on ascending orbits only minimally changed. This finding is identical to the CIT result

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“…Early investigations of storm TEC behavior were through the records of the Faraday rotation of VHF signals from the geostationary satellites. The local time and seasonal variations of positive and negative ionospheric storm effects were seen clearly in the pioneer comprehensive studies of TEC at multiple locations by Mendillo and Klobuchar (1975), Davies (1980), Essex et al (1981) and Titheridge and Buonsanto (1988). A limitation of the method based on analyzing VHF signals from geostationary satellites is its inability to make measurements globally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology in the total electron content under geomagnetic disturbed conditions: results from global ionosphere maps

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Using 8-year global ionosphere maps (GIMs) of TEC products from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), we make a statistical study on the morphology of the global ionospheric behaviors with respect to the geomagnetic disturbances. Results show that the behaviors of TEC during geomagnetic storm present clear seasonal and local time variations under geomagnetic control in a similar way as those of NmF2 (Field and Rishbeth, 1997). A negative phase of TEC occurs with high probability in the summer hemisphere and most prominent near the geomagnetic poles, while a positive phase is obvious in the winter hemisphere and in the far pole region. A negative storm effect toward lower latitudes tends to occur from post-midnight to the morning sector and recedes to high latitude in the afternoon. A positive storm effect is separated by geomagnetic latitudes and magnetic local time. Furthermore, ionospheric responses at different local time sectors with respect to the storm commencement shows very different developing processes corresponding to the evolution of the geomagnetic storm. A daytime positive storm effect is shown to be more prominent in the American region than those in the Asian and European regions, which may suggest a longitudinal effect of the ionospheric storm.

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A global response of the total electron content of the ionosphere to the magnetic storm of 17 and 18 June 1972

Cited by 41 publications

References 19 publications

Combined TOPEX/Poseidon TEC and ionosonde observations of negative low-latitude ionospheric storms

Combined TOPEX/Poseidon TEC and ionosonde observations of negative low-latitude ionospheric storms

Temporal and spatial variations in ionospheric electron density profiles over South Africa during strong magnetic storms

Morphology in the total electron content under geomagnetic disturbed conditions: results from global ionosphere maps

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