A global perspective on water scarcity and poverty: achievements and challenges for water resource management

Barker, Randolph; Koppen, Barbara C.M. van; Shah, Tushaar

doi:10.5337/2011.0049

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…China has been experiencing water shortages due to increasing demand from industries and cities (Barker et al 2000). For example, in the Zhanghe Irrigation System (ZIS), Hubei, China, an irrigation system with a command area of about 160,000 ha, the share of water allocated to agriculture dropped from 80% to 25% during the past 25 years.…”

Section: Site and Sample Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of on-farm water saving irrigation techniques on rice productivity and profitability in Zhanghe Irrigation System, Hubei, China

Moya

Hong

Dawe

et al. 2004

Paddy Water Environ

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To optimize the use of limited water resources, surface irrigation systems in parts of China have introduced a new water saving irrigation method for rice termed alternate wetting and drying (AWD). The basic feature of this method is to irrigate so that the soil alternates between periods of standing water and damp or dry soil conditions from 30 days after crop establishment up to harvesting. However, many Chinese rice farmers still practice the continuous irrigation method with late-season drying of the soil.A comparative assessment of these two methods of onfarm water management for rice was conducted at two sites within the Zhanghe Irrigation System (ZIS) in Hubei province of China for the 1999 and 2000 rice crops. The objective was to evaluate the impact of AWD on crop management practices and the profitability of rice production. In conjunction with irrigation district officials, two sites within ZIS were selected for study, one where AWD was supposed to be widely practiced (Tuanlin, TL) and one where it had not been introduced (Lengshui, LS). It was found that farmers at both sites do not practice a pure form of either AWD or continuous flooding. However, farmers in TL did tend to let the soil dry more frequently than their counterparts in LS.Because most farmers practice neither pure AWD nor pure continuous flooding, an AWD score was developed that measures the frequency with which farmers allow their soil to dry. This AWD score was not significantly correlated with yield after controlling for site and year effects and input use. AWD scores were also not correlated with input use. We conclude that AWD saves water at the farm level without adversely affecting yields or farm profitability.

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Section: Site and Sample Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of on-farm water saving irrigation techniques on rice productivity and profitability in Zhanghe Irrigation System, Hubei, China

Moya

Hong

Dawe

et al. 2004

Paddy Water Environ

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“…Water supply is both a cause and a consequence of poverty (Abrams 1999). Shortage of water is attenuating efforts to alleviate poverty and has an adverse impact on those who lacks social security and being ill means loss of an already bare minimum income, and loss of ability to supply labor in a productive way so as to escape poverty (Barker et al 2000;Hansen and Bhatia 2004;Wang et al 2005). However, availability and access to safe water is not just enough for poverty alleviation; capacity to manage, use water resources and maintaining environmental integrity are also equally important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Application of Water Poverty Index (WPI) in Nepalese Context: A Case Study of Kali Gandaki River Basin (KGRB)

Manandhar

Pandey

Kazama

2011

Water Resour Manage

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This article details an application of Water Poverty Index (WPI) to evaluate state of water resources in the context of Nepalese river basins with a case study of Kali Gandaki River Basin (KGRB) located in western Nepal. Considering that water poverty issues and indicators to represent them are location-specific, selecting suitable indicators with due care of local context and data availability is essential to apply the WPI, a holistic tool for water resources planning and management. In this study, it suggests and describes a set of ten WPI indicators and twelve variables suitable in the Nepalese context. The selected set of indicators and variables is used to discuss water poverty situation in the study basin as a whole, spatial variation within the basin and variation at different spatial scales in the basin, that is, basin, sub-unit of the basin (district) and sub-unit of the district (Village Development Committee (VDC)). The study result shows that WPI varies widely (from 37.1 to 56.5) within the study basin suggesting the need of location-specific policy interventions. At different spatial scales, there is no clear trend; however, analysis of the WPI components shows higher resources and access at basin level; higher use, environment and capacity at sub-sub-unit of the basin level. Such variations suggest the need of scalespecific policy interventions and management plans to improve overall water poverty situation in the study basin. Overall, the WPI helped to examine the water poverty situation and recommend priority areas of policy interventions for the improvement of water-poverty situation in the basin.

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“…In addition to increasing crop production and farm and family inco mes, imp roved irrigation access significantly contributes to rural poverty reduction through improved employ ment and livelihood within a region [2]. The main collected socioeconomic information was on tenants' education level, marital status, age, family size, family contribution on field work, years of experience, occupations in and/or out farm, distance between the tenants' home and field, farm size of tenants, and land tenure beside some data regarded their farm activit ies.…”

Section: Socioeconomic Characteristics Of the Tenantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economics of Farm Resource Utilization in River Nile State of Northern Sudan

Ahmed¹,

Sulaiman²,

Mohd³

2012

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In Sudan, land tenants use numerous crops to intensify production in an attempt to improve household food security and income. Resources-use optimization is crit ical to produce field crops wh ich are regarded as essential food and cash crops in Sudan. This paper looks at River Nile State of north Sudan as a case study due to its high potential to grow food and cash crops. The crops are co mmonly produced under pump irrigation fro m the River Nile. Production of these crops in the State faces numerous hindrances, including inefficiency of resources utilization, lo w level of productivity and high cost of production. The research aimed to optimise the use of available resources in food and cash crops. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires on 70 randomly selected respondents. A linear programming technique was used to assess the optimal co mb ination of resources in the crops under study. The model revealed that tenants would get higher returns by optimising resource utilizat ion in food and cash crop production. The State tenants should therefore be guided on how to optimally utilize their resources and be encouraged to grow cash and food crops as a significant contribution to farm sustainability and malnutrit ion alleviation.

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A global perspective on water scarcity and poverty: achievements and challenges for water resource management

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

The impact of on-farm water saving irrigation techniques on rice productivity and profitability in Zhanghe Irrigation System, Hubei, China

The impact of on-farm water saving irrigation techniques on rice productivity and profitability in Zhanghe Irrigation System, Hubei, China

Application of Water Poverty Index (WPI) in Nepalese Context: A Case Study of Kali Gandaki River Basin (KGRB)

Economics of Farm Resource Utilization in River Nile State of Northern Sudan

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