A Global, Multiproduct Analysis of Coastal Marine Heatwaves: Distribution, Characteristics, and Long‐Term Trends

Marin, Maxime; Feng, Ming; Phillips, Helen E.; Bindoff, Nathaniel L.

doi:10.1029/2020jc016708

Cited by 59 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…MHW trends were consistent with increased air temperatures, increased moisture and decreased winds, suggesting a strong coupling of coastal ocean and land during extreme heat events. Marin et al (2021) provided a global assessment of coastal MHWs by selecting all coastal pixels in multiple global satellite Sea Surface Temperature (SST) datasets. Their study showed that similarly to the global ocean, coastal MHW metrics had been largely increasing during the past decades, except for MHW intensity.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This approach is identical to that used in IPCC for the assessment of climate change trends and in the use of CMIP simulations (Bindoff et al, 2014). MHW trends are considered for a variety of metrics as their long-term changes are not uniform (Marin et al, 2021). In addition, we use outputs from two global ocean circulation models to evaluate these models' ability to capture cross-shore gradients of SST and MHW changes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Slower Long‐Term Coastal Warming Drives Dampened Trends in Coastal Marine Heatwave Exposure

et al. 2021

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Long‐term temperature changes drive coastal Marine Heatwave (MHW) trends globally. Here, we provide a more comprehensive global analysis of cross‐shore gradients of MHW and Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) changes using an ensemble of three satellite SST products during recent decades. Our analysis reveals depressed onshore SST trends in more than 2/3 of coastal pixels, including both eastern and western boundary current systems. These were well correlated with depressed trends of MHW exposure and severity, ranging from a −2 to −10 decrease in MHW days per decade and from a −2.5°C to −15°C.days per decade decrease in cumulative intensity. Results were consistent across all satellite products, indicating that these cross‐shore gradients are a robust feature of observations. ERA reanalysis data show that neither air‐sea heat fluxes nor wind driven upwelling were found to be consistent drivers. Global ocean circulation models (OFAM3 and ACCESS‐OM2) have limited ability to simulate the depressed onshore trends. A heat budget analysis performed in the Chilean coast region, where models agree with observations, showed that the gradient of temperature change was controlled by an onshore increase of longwave radiative cooling, despite an increase in upwelling. This highlights the complexity of small‐scale coastal ocean‐atmosphere feedbacks, which coarser resolution climate models do not resolve. Here, we show that global coastal regions may act as thermal refugia for marine ecosystems from aspects of climate change and pulsative (MHW) changes. Contrary to the literature, our results suggest that driving mechanisms are region dependant, stressing the necessity to improve climate models resolution.

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confidence: 99%

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Slower Long‐Term Coastal Warming Drives Dampened Trends in Coastal Marine Heatwave Exposure

et al. 2021

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“…Oliver et al 30 showed that the global trend to an increase in MHWs frequency and intensity was driven by the mean SST and not the variance almost everywhere except in the highly variable western boundary currents. Marin et al 32 however, focusing only on the very coastal region, showed that in the PCUS the general trend for a decrease in duration and intensity of MHWs was mostly driven by internal variability of the SST. We show here that, by removing the four years of the 38-year time series that correspond to the strongest EN conditions, the tendency for increased occurrence of MHWs shorter than 100 days in the PCUS might be the result of a higher SST variability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Marine heatwaves in the Humboldt current system: from 5-day localized warming to year-long El Niños

Pietri

Colas

Mogollón

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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During the last 4 decades punctual occurrences of extreme ocean temperatures, known as marine heatwaves (MHWs), have been regularly disrupting the coastal ecosystem of the Peru-Chile eastern boundary upwelling system. In fact, this coastal system and biodiversity hot-spot is regularly impacted by El Niño events, whose variability has been related to the longest and most intense MHWs in the world ocean. However the intensively studied El Niños tend to overshadow the MHWs of shorter duration that are significantly more common in the region. Using sea surface temperature data from 1982 to 2019 we investigate the characteristics and evolution of MHWs, distinguishing events by duration. Results show that long duration MHWs (> 100 days) preferentially affect the coastal domain north of 15° S and have decreased in both occurrence and intensity in the last four decades. On the other hand, shorter events, which represent more than 90% of all the observed MHWs, are more common south of 15° S and show an increase in their thermal impact as well as on the number of affected days, particularly those spanning 30–100 days. We also show that long duration MHWs variability in the coastal domain is well correlated with the remote equatorial variability while the onset of short events (< 10 days) generally goes along with a relaxation of the local coastal wind.

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“…Given the relatively small differences between different observational products, it is expected that most would result in very similar MHW metrics. An analysis of coastal MHWs around the planet indicates that the largest differences occur in mean MHW intensities, with much smaller differences in all other metrics (Marin et al 2021). Around Australia, most MHW metrics (aside from mean MHW intensities) are in agreement across products (Marin et al 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have been increasing in their frequency, intensity, and duration across most of the world's oceans (Oliver et al 2018a;Laufkötter et al 2020) and coastal regions (Marin et al 2021) over the past century. These changes are largely due to anthropogenically-forced increases in air and ocean temperatures (Oliver et al 2018a;Oliver 2019), with further increases expected under continued global warming (Frölicher et al 2018;Oliver et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A catalogue of marine heatwave metrics and trends for the Australian region

Kajtar

Holbrook

Hernaman

2021

J. South. Hemisph. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Marine heatwaves around Australia, and globally, have been increasing in their frequency, intensity, and duration. This study reviews and catalogues marine heatwave metrics and trends around Australia since 1982, from near the beginning of the satellite sea-surface temperature observing period. The years in which the longest and strongest marine heatwaves around Australia occurred are also recorded. In addition, we analyse marine heatwaves in selected case study regions, and provide a short review of their associated impacts. These regions include: off the Western Australian coast, Torres Strait, Great Barrier Reef, Tasman Sea, and South Australian Basin. Finally, we provide a brief review of progress in understanding the potential predictability of sea surface temperature changes and marine heatwaves around Australia.

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A Global, Multiproduct Analysis of Coastal Marine Heatwaves: Distribution, Characteristics, and Long‐Term Trends

Cited by 59 publications

References 50 publications

Slower Long‐Term Coastal Warming Drives Dampened Trends in Coastal Marine Heatwave Exposure

Slower Long‐Term Coastal Warming Drives Dampened Trends in Coastal Marine Heatwave Exposure

Marine heatwaves in the Humboldt current system: from 5-day localized warming to year-long El Niños

A catalogue of marine heatwave metrics and trends for the Australian region

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