A global database of sea surface dimethylsulfide (DMS) measurements and a procedure to predict sea surface DMS as a function of latitude, longitude, and month

Kettle, A. J.; Andreae, Meinrat O.; Amouroux, David; Andreae, T. W.; Bates, T. S.; Berresheim, H.; Bingemer, Heinz; Boniforti, R.; Curran, Mark A. J.; DiTullio, Giacomo R.; Helas, G.; Jones, Graham B; Keller, Maureen; Kiene, Ronald P.; Leck, Caroline; Levasseur, Maurice; Malin, Gill; Maspero, Matteo; Matrai, Patricia A.; McTaggart, Andrew R.; Mihalopoulos, N.; Nguyen, B. C.; Novo, A.; Putaud, Jean‐Philippe; Rapsomanikis, S.; Roberts, Grégory; Schebeske, G.; Sharma, Sangeeta; Simó, Rafel; Staubes, R.; Turner, Sue; Uher, G

doi:10.1029/1999gb900004

Cited by 615 publications

(686 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…The gas transfer coefficients computed in this study are based on seawater DMS measurements from the ship bow pumping system, with an average depth of 5 m. It is generally assumed that DMS measurements from bow pumping systems represent the sea surface bulk concentration (Kettle et al, 1999 and references therein). The calculation of k from the observed flux implicitly assumes that the near surface (e.g.…”

Section: Possible Influence Of Near Surface Gradients On K Dmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Air/sea fluxes of dimethylsulfide (DMS) were measured by eddy correlation over the Eastern South Pacific Ocean during January 2006. The cruise track extended from Manzanillo, Mexico, along 110 • W, to Punta Arenas, Chile. Bulk air and surface ocean DMS levels were also measured and gas transfer coefficients (k DMS ) were computed. Air and seawater DMS measurements were made using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (API-CIMS) and a gas/liquid membrane equilibrator. Mean surface seawater DMS concentrations were 3.8±2.2 nM and atmospheric mixing ratios were 340±370 ppt. The air/sea flux of DMS was uniformly out of the ocean, with an average value of 12±15 µmol m −2 d −1 . Sea surface concentration and flux were highest around 15 • S, in a region influenced by shelf waters and lowest around 25 • S, in low chlorophyll gyre waters. The DMS gas transfer coefficient exhibited a linear wind speed-dependence over the wind speed range of 1 to 9 m s −1 . This relationship is compared with previously measured estimates of k from DMS, CO 2 , and dual tracer data from the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, and with the NOAA/COARE gas transfer model. The model generated slope of k vs. wind speed is at the low end of those observed in previous DMS field studies.

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Section: Possible Influence Of Near Surface Gradients On K Dmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean

et al. 2009

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“…Emission of sea-salt aerosols is calculated following a function developed by Gong et al (1997a). Natural sources of sulfate (DMS and H 2 S) are provided by dataset of Bates et al (1992) for DMS and by Kettle et al (1999) for H 2 S. Anthropogenic emission of sulfur dioxide and sulfate (SO 2 and SO 4 −2 ) is from the Global Emission Inventory Activity (GEIA) 1985 (Benkovitz et al, 1996). Seasonal emission rate on two levels is considered in the dataset.…”

Section: Design Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the dehydration‐greenhouse feedback over the Arctic during February 1990

Girard

Stefanof

2006

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Abstract:The effect of pollution-derived sulfuric acid aerosols on the aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions is investigated over the Arctic for February 1990. Observations suggest that acidic aerosols can decrease the heterogeneous nucleation rate of ice crystals and lower the homogeneous freezing temperature of haze droplets. On the basis of these observations, we hypothesize that the cloud thermodynamic phase is modified in polluted air mass (Arctic haze). Cloud ice number concentration is reduced, thus promoting further ice crystal growth by the Bergeron-Findeisen process. Hence, ice crystals reach larger sizes and low-levkel ice crystal precipitation from mixed-phase clouds increases. Enhanced dehydration of the lower troposphere contributes to decreased water vapour greenhouse effect and cools the surface. A positive feedback is created between surface cooling and air dehydration, accelerating cold air production. This process is referred to as the dehydration-greenhouse feedback (DGF).Simulations performed using an Arctic regional climate model for February 1990 are used to assess the potential effect of the DGF on the Arctic climate during February. Results show that the DGF has an important effect on cloud, atmospheric dehydration, and temperature over the Central and Eurasian Arctic, which is the coldest part of the Arctic. Cloud ice is significantly reduced and the total atmospheric water path is decreased by as much as 12%. This results in a surface cooling ranging between 0 and −3 K. Moreover, the lower tropospheric cooling over the Eurasian and Central Arctic strengthens the atmospheric circulation at the upper level, thus increasing the aerosol transport from the mid-latitudes and enhancing the DGF. Over warmer areas, the increased aerosol concentration (caused by the DGF) leads to longer cloud lifetime, which contributes to warm these areas.

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“…When released in the water through exudation, lysis of senescent cells, grazing or viral attack, DMSP and DMSO are involved in a complex chain of phytoplanktonic and bacterial processes leading, among others, to their transformation into DMS (Stefels et al, 2007). Although DMSP and DMSO are produced by phytoplankton, correlating DMS production with phytoplankton biomass (generally expressed in term of Chlorophyll a) is challenging (Kettle et al, 1999) because DMSP and DMSO production are species-specific and vary with environmental conditions (e.g. Stefels et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual cycle of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) related to phytoplankton succession in the Southern North Sea

Speeckaert

Borges

Champenois

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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The influence of abiotic and biotic variables on the concentration of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), were investigated during an annual cycle in 2016 in the Belgian Coastal Zone (BCZ, North Sea). We reported strong seasonal variations in the concentration of these compounds linked to the phytoplankton succession with high DMS(P,O) producers (mainly Phaeocystis globosa) occurring in spring and low DMS(P,O) producers (various diatoms species) occurring in early spring and autumn. Spatial gradients of DMS and DMSP were related to those of phytoplankton biomass itself related to the inputs of nutrients from the Scheldt estuary. However, the use of a relationship with Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration is not sufficient to predict DMSP. Accounting for the phytoplankton composition, two different DMSP versus Chl-a correlations could be established, one for diatoms and another one for Phaeocystis colonies. We also reported high nearshore DMSO concentrations uncoupled to Chl-a and DMSP concentrations but linked to high suspended particulate matter (SPM) presumably coming from the Scheldt estuary as indicated by the positive relationship between annual average SPM and salinity.

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A global database of sea surface dimethylsulfide (DMS) measurements and a procedure to predict sea surface DMS as a function of latitude, longitude, and month

Cited by 615 publications

References 138 publications

Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean

Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean

Assessment of the dehydration‐greenhouse feedback over the Arctic during February 1990

Annual cycle of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) related to phytoplankton succession in the Southern North Sea

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