A Global Database of Land Surface Parameters at 1-km Resolution in Meteorological and Climate Models

Masson, Valéry; Champeaux, Jean-Louis; Chauvin, Fabrice; Meriguet, Christelle; Lacaze, Roselyne

doi:10.1175/1520-0442-16.9.1261

Cited by 654 publications

(478 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…However, we demonstrate that within urban neighborhoods and small playgrounds, these surface temperatures vary significantly-and with implications for human thermal comfort and safety-at spatial scales as fine as 1 cm. Although satellite remote sensing data are more applicable for mesoscale urban climate modeling than mesoscale climate models with ≥ 1 km scale resolutions (e.g., Masson et al, 2003;Mishra et al, 2015), these remote sensing data are critically limited for human-and touchscale design, missing crucial information related to touch-scale extreme T s exposures, mean radiant temperatures, and effects of shade. These limitations are impactful especially for children, but also other people exposed to the outdoor environment during partially shaded daytime conditions, including outdoor workers and those engaged in sports or other recreational activities.…”

Section: Playground Design In Hot Climatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microscale urban climate models and remotely sensed data (on the order of 1 m 2 to 1 km 2 ) are often employed for heat stress analysis (e.g., Harlan, Declet-Barreto, Stefanov, & Petitti, 2013;Hondula et al, 2012;Masson, Champeaux, Chauvin, Meriguet, & Lacaze, 2003;Mishra, Ganguly, Nijssen, & Lettenmaier, 2015;Stefanov, Prashad, Eisinger, Brazel, & Harlan, 2004), with airborne remotely sensed data providing surface temperatures at a resolution ranging from 7 to 140 m (Stefanov et al, 2004). These scales may possess insufficient spatial resolution to determine certain personal health impacts based on micro-environmental heat exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hot playgrounds and children's health: A multiscale analysis of surface temperatures in Arizona, USA

Vanos

Middel

McKercher

et al. 2016

Landscape and Urban Planning

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h i g h l i g h t s• A mismatch exists between remotely sensed and in situ urban surface temperatures (T s ).• The hottest T s in a Phoenix area neighborhood were found on playground surfaces.• Children are more vulnerable to the effects of heat stress and high T s than adults.• Shade of any type is found effective in reducing T s and improving thermal safety.• Data must be collected at the touch-scale for spatially accurate high T s mitigation. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tObjectives: To provide novel quantification and advanced measurements of surface temperatures (T s ) in playgrounds, employing multiple scales of data, and provide insight into hot-hazard mitigation techniques and designs for improved environmental and public health. Methods: We conduct an analysis of T s in two Metro-Phoenix playgrounds at three scales: neighborhood (1 km resolution), microscale (6.8 m resolution), and touch-scale (1 cm resolution). Data were derived from two sources: airborne remote sensing (neighborhood and microscale) and in situ (playground site) infrared T s (touch-scale). Metrics of surface-to-air temperature deltas ( T s-a ) and scale offsets (errors) are introduced. Results: Select in situ T s in direct sunlight are shown to approach or surpass values likely to result in burns to children at touch-scales much finer than T s resolved by airborne remote sensing. Scale offsets based on neighbourhood and microscale ground observations are 3.8 • C and 7.3 • C less than the T s-a at the 1 cm touch-scale, respectively, and 6.6 • C and 10.1 • C lower than touch-scale playground equipment T s , respectively. Hence, the coarser scales underestimate high T s within playgrounds. Both natural (tree) and artificial (shade sail) shade types are associated with significant reductions in T s . Conclusions: A scale mismatch exists based on differing methods of urban T s measurement. The sub-meter touch-scale is the spatial scale at which data must be collected and policies of urban landscape design and health must be executed in order to mitigate high T s in high-contact environments such as playgrounds. Shade implementation is the most promising mitigation technique to reduce child burns, increase park usability, and mitigate urban heating.

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Section: Playground Design In Hot Climatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot playgrounds and children's health: A multiscale analysis of surface temperatures in Arizona, USA

Vanos

Middel

McKercher

et al. 2016

Landscape and Urban Planning

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“…The ECOCLIMAP data set have been designed to provide a complete set of high-resolution surface parameters for land surface models. It is fully described by Masson et al [2003]. The data set is based on a combination of three products: climate maps, land cover map, and 1 year of AVHRR NDVI data.…”

Section: Global Net Ecosystem Exchange Data Sets: Sib and Casamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ECOCLIMAP LAI is computed by linearly mapping the minimum NDVI and the maximum NDVI of the AVHRR data during the season 1992-1993 to the minimum LAI and the maximum LAI per ecosystem gathered from the literature. Further details are given by Masson et al [2003].…”

Section: Global Net Ecosystem Exchange Data Sets: Sib and Casamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two experiments, named EXP1_CT and EXP2_CT, are similar to those used above to evaluate the background error. In addition, two other runs are computed where the LAI is not diagnose anymore but taken from a climatology (ECOCLIMAP) [Masson et al, 2003] and is equal for the two runs. These two additional experiments are named EXP1_EC and EXP2_EC, respectively.…”

Section: Impact Of the Lai On Le And Nee Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of leaf area index in the ECMWF land surface model and impact on latent heat and carbon fluxes: Application to West Africa

et al. 2008

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[1] A new version of the land surface model of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (Carbon-TESSEL, or CTESSEL) includes a vegetation growth model. This study describes a leaf area index (LAI) data assimilation system (LDAS) based on CTESSEL and satellite LAI for operational Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) predictions. The LDAS is evaluated over West Africa. A preliminary experiment shows a significant impact of the LAI on the CTESSEL NEE. The LAI is compared to two satellite products: the predicted annual cycle is delayed over the Sahel and savannah, and the LAI values differ from the satellite products. Preliminary to their use in the LDAS, the LAI products are rescaled to the CTESSEL predictions. The LDAS simulations are confronted to measurements of biomass and LAI for a site in Mali. The LAI analysis is shown to improve the predicted biomass and the annual cycles of the water (latent heat flux, or LE) and carbon (NEE) fluxes. Afterward, the LDAS is run over West Africa with the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer products (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005). The analysis of LAI shows a limited impact on LE, but it impacts strongly on NEE. Finally, the CTESSEL NEE are compared to two other models' outputs (simple biosphere (SIB) and Carnegie-Ames-Stanford (CASA)). The order of magnitude of the three data sets agrees well, and the shift in annual cycle of CTESSEL is reduced by the LDAS. It is concluded that a LAI data assimilation system is essential for NEE prediction at seasonal and interannual timescales, while a LAI satellite-based climatology may be sufficient for accurate LE predictions.

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Increasing bioenergy production on arable land: Does the regional and local climate respond? Germany as a case study

Tölle

Gutjahr

Busch³

et al. 2014

J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.

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The extent and magnitude of land cover change effect on local and regional future climate during the vegetation period due to different forms of bioenergy plants are quantified for extreme temperatures and energy fluxes. Furthermore, we vary the spatial extent of plant allocation on arable land and simulate alternative availability of transpiration water to mimic both rainfed agriculture and irrigation. We perform climate simulations down to 1 km scale for 1970-1975 C20 and 2070-2075 A1B over Germany with Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling in Climate Mode. Here an impact analysis indicates a strong local influence due to land cover changes. The regional effect is decreased by two thirds of the magnitude of the local-scale impact. The changes are largest locally for irrigated poplar with decreasing maximum temperatures by 1• C in summer months and increasing specific humidity by 0.15 g kg −1 . The increased evapotranspiration may result in more precipitation. The increase of surface radiative fluxes R net due to changes in latent and sensible heat is estimated by 5 W m −2 locally. Moreover, increases in the surface latent heat flux cause strong local evaporative cooling in the summer months, whereas the associated regional cooling effect is pronounced by increases in cloud cover. The changes on a regional scale are marginal and not significant. Increasing bioenergy production on arable land may result in local temperature changes but not in substantial regional climate change in Germany. We show the effect of agricultural practices during climate transitions in spring and fall.

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A Global Database of Land Surface Parameters at 1-km Resolution in Meteorological and Climate Models

Cited by 654 publications

References 57 publications

Hot playgrounds and children's health: A multiscale analysis of surface temperatures in Arizona, USA

Hot playgrounds and children's health: A multiscale analysis of surface temperatures in Arizona, USA

Analysis of leaf area index in the ECMWF land surface model and impact on latent heat and carbon fluxes: Application to West Africa

Increasing bioenergy production on arable land: Does the regional and local climate respond? Germany as a case study

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