A global database considering Atterberg limits with the Casagrande and fall-cone tests

Shimobe, Satoru; Spagnoli, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105201

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The higher LL Cone for low-to medium-plasticity samples confirms the results of Di Matteo (2012) who combined literature data and their own samples (LL ranged from 20 to 50%) and found that LL Cone was on average 2.2% points higher than LL Cup . In the same vein, El-Shinawi (2017) and (Shimobe & Spagnoli, 2019) also found very good agreement between LL Cup and LL Cone for samples with an average difference of less than 3%, and a relative error of ± 10%, respectively.…”

Section: Liquid Limitmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In another study, Di Matteo () by comparing 28 soil samples (LL: 26 to 58%; PL: 19 to 35%) showed that the LL Cone was 2.2% higher than LL Cup . Recently, Shimobe and Spagnoli (), analyzed a large dataset with different fine‐grained soils from literature and found that for samples with LL > 120%, the LL cup produce higher values than the LL cone due to soil type and cone specification. Different studies (Di Matteo, , Hrubesova et al., , Mishra et al., ) have also reported differences between LL Cone and LL Cup , although these differences are still under discussion in the scientific community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repeatability and agreement between methods for determining the Atterberg limits of fine‐grained soils

Rehman

Pouladi

Pulido-Moncada

et al. 2020

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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The Atterberg limits (plastic limit [PL] and liquid limit [LL]) of fine‐grained soils are important for civil engineering and agronomic applications. Several methodologies exist to determine the PL and LL, each with associated merits and shortcomings. The reproducibility and uncertainties associated with the various methods have not been evaluated for different samples that differ in terms of clay mineralogy and geologic origin. The objectives were to (i) assess the repeatability of two methods each for determining the PL (thread rolling and rolling device) and LL (Casagrande cup and drop cone penetrometer), and compare the subsequent plasticity indexes for 30 samples from 10 countries; and (ii) evaluate the effect of particle size (2 mm and 425 µm) on the plastic and liquid limits for 28 Venezuelan samples. For the PL, the repeatability (estimated as the repeatability coefficient, RC, among replications) for the thread rolling and rolling device methods was similar (2.28 and 2.39%, respectively). For the LL, the drop cone method was 16% more repeatable than the Casagrande cup method. There was a strong correlation between the two respective methods for PL (r2 = 0.98) and LL (r2 = 0.99). For samples that have LL < 45, the LL from the Casagrande cup was slightly higher than LL from the drop cone, and vice versa for samples with LL > 45%. No significant differences were observed between PL measured on <2‐mm or <425‐µm samples; for samples with LL < 35% the two particle sizes gave similar values. There were however larger discrepancies between the two particle sizes for samples with LL > 36%.

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Section: Liquid Limitmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability and agreement between methods for determining the Atterberg limits of fine‐grained soils

Rehman

Pouladi

Pulido-Moncada

et al. 2020

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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“…Vardanega & Haigh (2014)) with the conventional Casagrande approaches. Shimobe & Spagnoli (2019) showed that extrapolated w P values derived using an 'extended fall cone method' correlated well with thread-rolling values. Shimobe & Spagnoli (2020) recently made use of the 'extended fall cone method' to redraw the Casagrande classification chart.…”

Section: Thread-rolling Testmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This approach is not reliable, rather it defines a different parameter, the plastic strength limit (Haigh et al, 2013;Sivakumar et al, 2016;O'Kelly et al, 2018). Shimobe & Spagnoli (2019) presented a study comparing the plasticity index and liquid limit deduced using the 'extended fall-cone method' (as previously stated, such methods are often based on the inaccurate assumption of a 100-fold strength variation across the plastic range of water contents; c.f. Vardanega & Haigh (2014)) with the conventional Casagrande approaches.…”

Section: Thread-rolling Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of fall-cone flow index for soil classification: a new plasticity chart

et al. 2023

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Use of the Casagrande-style plasticity chart to classify fine-grained soils using Atterberg's liquid and plastic limits is ubiquitous in geotechnical engineering. This classification is dependent on the thread-rolling and Casagrande-cup tests, which are both more operator dependent than the fall-cone liquid limit test. This paper shows that the slope of the data acquired during the fall-cone liquid limit test (the fall-cone flow index) can be used to redraw the plasticity chart, thus allowing classification of fine-grained soils to be achieved solely from fall-cone liquid limit data.

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“…Another signi cant conclusion can be drawn from the data in Table 7 and Table 8, that the liquid limit increases as the clay fraction and silt fraction increase. This relationship may partly be explained by the increased ability to absorb water in the presence of more ne particles (Atterberg, 1911;Haigh et al, 2013;Shimobe and Spagnoli, 2019). The positive correlation between the plasticity index and the clay or silt fractions of the natural loess can also indicate that.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study on the physical properties of natural sedimentary loess and manual filling compacted loess

Zhang

Yang³

et al. 2021

Environ Earth Sci

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With the development of human society, mega engineering projects of removing the tops of hills to in ll valleys began to appear in the loess region. The thickness of the manual lling compacted loess can reach tens of meters. For such large-scale construction projects, studying the properties of compacted loess is essential to ensure the safety and reliability of land creation and arti cial infrastructure. In this paper, the specimens from two exploration well pro les were carried out to study the physical properties of natural loess and compacted loess from the Loess Plateau. Here the natural loess selected was deposited in old ages (Q 2 and Q 1 ) and had strong stability. The natural water content, dry density, speci c gravity, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, clay fraction, silt fraction, sand fraction, compression modulus, and permeability coe cient have been determined. Statistical theories such as t-test and correlation coe cient checks were used to describe the difference between the two kinds of loess, and the degree of correlation among various indicators. Besides, 14 groups of exploration well data in 8 studies were collected. The variation of natural water content and dry density with well depth was analyzed to supplement the existing data. Results have shown that the manual lling compacted loess is signi cantly different from the natural loess. On the whole, the liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, clay fraction, silt fraction, sand fraction and compression modulus of the compacted loess are smaller. And compared with the natural sedimentary loess with strong stability, it deforms more easily. The difference of compression modulus between the compacted loess and natural loess is mainly controlled by the dry density and the particle composition. Moreover, the heterogeneous level of the manual lling compacted loess is greater than that of the natural loess in the horizontal direction and smaller than that of the natural loess in the vertical direction. Under a combination of external hydrologic conditions and dead weight, the compacted loess will become more stable.

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A global database considering Atterberg limits with the Casagrande and fall-cone tests

Cited by 28 publications

References 71 publications

Repeatability and agreement between methods for determining the Atterberg limits of fine‐grained soils

Repeatability and agreement between methods for determining the Atterberg limits of fine‐grained soils

Use of fall-cone flow index for soil classification: a new plasticity chart

A comparative study on the physical properties of natural sedimentary loess and manual filling compacted loess

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