“…According to Chen and Ravallion (2010), 80% of the national poverty lines (NPLs) used in Ravallion, Chen, and Sangraula (2009) to derive the iPL of 1.25$-a-day in 2005 prices, are constructed also using some variation of a cost of basic needs approach. In all its versions, the dollar-a-day iPL is estimated by averaging a set of NPLs from a group countries (Chen and Ravallion 2001;Ferreira et al 2015;Ravallion, Chen, and Sangraula 2009;Ravallion, Datt, and van de Walle 1991), without any explicit analysis of what the underlying NPLs actually represent in terms of welfare. 10 The methodological variation among the NPLs underlying the iPL, especially with respect to the encapsulated normative choices, 11 does not allow for any use of the NPLs, as they stand, to consistently measure global poverty.…”