A global comparison and assessment of incentive policy on electric vehicle promotion

Wang, Ning; Tang, Linhao; Pan, Huizhong

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2018.10.024

Cited by 186 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…According to the particularity of each scenario design, plenty of different measures and initiatives of energy efficiency [6, 65,66], alternative fuels [18,[67][68][69][70], atmospheric emissions [71,72], and sustainable mobility [9,[73][74][75], trends have been applied and integrated. National and international research institutions and researchers have developed these initiatives, who have studied the road transport sector [76].…”

Section: Design Of Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Forecast of Energy and Fuels Demand Towards a Sustainable Road Transport Sector in Ecuador (2016–2035): A LEAP Model Application

et al. 2020

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The total energy demand in the transport sector represented 48.80% of the total consumption in Ecuador throughout 2016, where 89.87% corresponded to the road transport sector. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the future behavior of this sector and assess the economic and environmental measures towards sustainable development. Consequently, this study analyzed: (1) the total energy demand for each vehicle class and fuel type; (2) the GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions and air pollutants NO x and PM 10 ; and (3) the cost attributed to the fuel demand, between 2016 and 2035. For this, four alternative demand scenarios were designed: BAU: Business As Usual; EOM: Energy Optimization and Mitigation; AF: Alternative Fuels; and SM: Sustainable Mobility using Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning system. After analysis, the EOM, AF, and SM scenarios have advantages relative to BAU, where SM particularly stands out. The results show that SM compared to BAU, contributes with a 12.14% (141,226 kBOE) decrease of the total energy demand, and the economic savings for this fuel demand is of 14.22% (26,720 MUSD). Moreover, global NO x and PM 10 emissions decreased by 14.91% and 13.78%, respectively. Additionally, accumulated GHG emissions decreased by 13.49% due to the improvement of the fuel quality for the vehicles that mainly consume liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, and electricity.Sustainability 2020, 12, 472 2 of 26 consumption levels related to liquid fuels, they have a faster growth forecast of approximately three times between 2015 and 2040. For example, the consumption of natural gas for passenger and cargo transport would increase by almost 500% in the same period [5].Between 2000 and 2012, in several Latin American countries, the energy demand in the road transport sector has been continuously increasing with high intensity every year; in Paraguay, it grew by 11%, in Panama and Bolivia by 5%, in Argentina and Costa Rica by 4% [6]. This trend has remained relatively constant, generating a significant increase in the vehicle fleet, with a 3.5% average each year, which is mainly composed of cars [7].In 2012, in the countries of this same region, the transport sector had a total energy consumption share of 27% in the case of Nicaragua to 55% in the case of Ecuador. Inside this sector, road transport demanded around 85% of the total energy consumption, excluding Panama, where air transport continues to be very significant with 30% of the total energy consumption in the transport sector due to its geographical condition [8].The high levels of liquid petroleum fuels consumption in road transport cause great concern at the global level but mainly in emerging market countries such as India, China, the United States of America, and large regions such as the European Union, Latin America, Southeast Asian, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, which are the world's most energy demanded.This concern is primarily related to the following reasons: (1) the localized polluting gases emissions within cities that reduce the ...

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Section: Design Of Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Forecast of Energy and Fuels Demand Towards a Sustainable Road Transport Sector in Ecuador (2016–2035): A LEAP Model Application

et al. 2020

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“…In recent years, the developments in different areas of EV technologies are focused on scheduled charging problem [3], minimizing fuel consumption with a variable driving schedule [4], increasing battery charger efficiency [5], and energy incentive policy for EV [6]. However, with the development of smart grid concept and the availability of bidirectional charging facility, EVs are considered to play a diverse role that can bring several benefits in the smart city power grid [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Strategies of EV Charge/Discharge Management in Smart Grid Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication Networks

Datta¹,

Kalam²,

Shi³

2019

Advanced Communication and Control Methods for Future Smartgrids

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are at the forefront of the revolutionized eco-friendly invention in the transportation industry. With automated metering infrastructure (AMI) communications in houses, smart EV charging stations, and smart building management systems in smart grid-oriented power system, EVs are expected to contribute substantially in overall energy planning and management both in the grid and the customer premises. This chapter investigates and provides an in-depth analysis on the charge/discharge management of EV in vehicle to home (V2H), vehicle to drive (V2D), vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to grid (V2G), vehicle-tobuilding (V2B), and grid to vehicle (G2V). The planning and control of energy exchange of EV is the main focus considering EV availability in multiple places during the daytime and in the evening. Indisputably, EV participating in V2G or V2H affects the state of charge (SOC) of EV battery, and therefore proper scheduled charge/discharge plan needs to be embraced. The structures of EV in various operation modes and approaches are presented for implementing the energy planning and charge/discharge management of EV in different operation modes. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed charge/discharge management strategy and regulation of EV SOC in accordance with the energy management plan of EV owner.Keywords: electric vehicles (EVs), vehicle to home (V2H), vehicle to grid (V2G), vehicle to vehicle (V2V), grid to vehicle (G2V), vehicle to building (V2B), vehicle to drive (V2D), charge/discharge management, SOC constraintsThe Strategies of The Strategies of The Strategies of EV Charge/Discharge Management in Smart Grid Vehicle-to-Everything… DOI: http://dx.

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“…In the state of California, 40% of total GHGs comes from the transportation sector, and the contribution from the LDV segment was close to 70% of transport GHGs [2]. California and many other governments have implemented a suite of technology forcing mandates, performance standards for transportation fuels, GHG emissions, and incentive-based policies to increase the market penetration of PEVs [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of User Preferences on the Revealed Utility Factor of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Raghavan¹,

Tal²

2019

WEVJ

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Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are an effective intermediate vehicle technology option in the long-term transition pathway towards light-duty vehicle electrification. Their net environmental impact is evaluated using the performance metric Utility Factor (UF), which quantifies the fraction of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) on electricity. There are concerns about the gap between Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sticker label and real-world UF due to the inability of test cycles to represent actual driving conditions and assumptions about their driving and charging differing from their actual usage patterns. Using multi-year longitudinal data from 153 PHEVs (11-53 miles all-electric range) in California, this paper systematically evaluates how observed driving and charging, energy consumption, and UF differs from sticker label expectations. Principal Components Analysis and regression model results indicated that UF of short-range PHEVs (less than 20-mile range) was lower than label expectations mainly due to higher annual VMT and high-speed driving. Long-distance travel and high-speed driving were the major reasons for the lower UF of longer-range PHEVs (at least 35-mile range) compared to label values. Enhancing charging infrastructure access at both home and away locations, and increasing the frequency of home charging, improves the UF of short-range and longer-range PHEVs respectively. 3 of 30 than 65 miles. While the J2841 UF is strictly a distance based metric, Ref. [14] proposes an energy based UF. Sensitivity of UF to different vehicle attributes such as age, class, annual VMT, and charging behavior depending on dwelling unit type is examined, and their analyses indicates that UF is largely insensitive to vehicle class and dwelling unit type, but highly sensitive to annual VMT, age, and charging behavior [14]. With the availability of real-world driving data collected using loggers albeit from ICEs, efforts have been undertaken to develop a more realistic PHEV driving cycle compared to dynamometer cycles [10] in order to better estimate their real-world energy consumption and emissions [15]. The scope of such efforts expanded by incorporating additional charging opportunities based on dwelling times and location. High resolution GPS enabled travel data collected over a span of 18 months from 400 ICEs in the Seattle metropolitan area is utilized in [16] to investigate how UF would change if only home based tours are considered. Their study reports that gasoline and electricity prices have no statistically significant impact on the UF, and that workplace or away from home charging increases the UF only if the AER of PHEV is less than 40 miles. Studies also applied UF by utilizing longitudinal data from ICEs for evaluating the life-cycle costs, emissions, and value proposition of PHEVs [17,18], and optimal battery size design and its impact on market acceptance [19,20].Around early 2011, a nationwide PEV demonstration and charging infrastructure deployment was undertaken as part of the EV project...

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A global comparison and assessment of incentive policy on electric vehicle promotion

Cited by 186 publications

References 23 publications

Long-Term Forecast of Energy and Fuels Demand Towards a Sustainable Road Transport Sector in Ecuador (2016–2035): A LEAP Model Application

Long-Term Forecast of Energy and Fuels Demand Towards a Sustainable Road Transport Sector in Ecuador (2016–2035): A LEAP Model Application

The Strategies of EV Charge/Discharge Management in Smart Grid Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication Networks

Influence of User Preferences on the Revealed Utility Factor of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

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