A global carbon isotope excursion (SPICE) during the Late Cambrian: relation to trilobite extinctions, organic-matter burial and sea level

Saltzman, Matthew R.; Ripperdan, Robert L.; Brasier, Martin D.; Lohmann, Kyger C.; Robison, Richard A.; Chang, W. T.; Shanchi, Peng; Ergaliev, E.K.; Runnegar, Bruce

doi:10.1016/s0031-0182(00)00128-0

Cited by 245 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A well-documented extinction of trilobites coincides with the onset of the SPICE on the paleocontinent of Laurentia 10,12 , and the isotopic excursion has also been correlated to intervals of biological turnover on other paleocontinents 13 . The SPICE is also coincident with global changes in sea level; its onset coincides with a transgressive event, and its peak is concurrent with a lowstand recorded as the Sauk-II/III hiatus 10,11 . The SPICE sulphur isotope excursion is one of the largest identified in the geologic record and is the first to be correlated globally at this scale of resolution.…”

Section: Globalmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Carbonate rocks of Cambrian age preserve large, rapid (of a few million years duration or less) and globally correlated excursions in the marine carbon isotope record (δ 13 C carb ), which indicate perturbations in the global carbon cycle ( Figure S1) 7,8,9,10 . The mechanisms that drove these events, however, are poorly known.…”

Section: Globalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanisms that drove these events, however, are poorly known. What makes these excursions particularly interesting to geobiologists is the observation that many coincide with biological events recorded by fossils, suggesting causal links between biological and environmental history 3,10 . The focus of our work is on the last large excursion of the period, the Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion, or SPICE.…”

Section: Globalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SPICE is recorded as a +4-6‰ shift in δ 13 C carb that occurs globally in later Cambrian successions (at the beginning of the Furongian International Series and Paibian International Stage, 499 Ma); it is thought to have lasted on the order of 2-4 million years 10,11 . A well-documented extinction of trilobites coincides with the onset of the SPICE on the paleocontinent of Laurentia 10,12 , and the isotopic excursion has also been correlated to intervals of biological turnover on other paleocontinents 13 .…”

Section: Globalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical evidence for widespread euxinia in the Later Cambrian ocean

Gill

Lyons

Young

et al. 2011

Nature

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386

305

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Section: Globalmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Globalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Globalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Globalmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Geochemical evidence for widespread euxinia in the Later Cambrian ocean

Gill

Lyons

Young

et al. 2011

Nature

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386

305

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“…The Steptoean positive carbon isotopic excursion (SPICE) is an excellent global chemostratigraphic marker in the upper Cambrian, usually rising far above the background noise (e.g. Saltzman et al 2000Saltzman et al , 2004. Documentation of the SPICE excursion from Siberia is valuable for correlation of richly fossiliferous Siberian sections with other well-known Cambrian sections globally, and therefore contributes much to understanding of biotic evolution, oceanography, climate, tectonics and magnetic field at this time in Earth history.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SPICE carbon isotope excursion in Siberia: a combined study of the upper Middle Cambrian–lowermost Ordovician Kulyumbe River section, northwestern Siberian Platform

et al. 2008

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-An integrated, high-resolution chemostratigraphic (C, O and Sr isotopes) and magnetostratigraphic study through the upper Middle Cambrian-lowermost Ordovician shallowmarine carbonates of the northwestern margin of the Siberian Platform is reported. The interval was analysed at the Kulyumbe section, which is exposed along the Kulyumbe River, an eastern tributary of the Enisej River. It comprises the upper Ust'-Brus, Labaz, Orakta, Kulyumbe, Ujgur and lower Iltyk formations and includes the Steptoean positive carbon isotopic excursion (SPICE) studied here in detail from upper Cambrian carbonates of the Siberian Platform for the first time. The peak of the excursion, showing δ 13 C positive values as high as +4.6 ‰ and least-altered 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios of 0.70909, is reported herein from the Yurakhian Horizon of the Kulyumbe Formation. The stratigraphic position of the SPICE excursion does not support traditional correlation of the boundary between the Orakta and Labaz formations at the Kulyumbe River with its supposedly equivalent level in Australia, Laurentia, South China and Kazakhstan, where the Glyptagnostus stolidotus and G. reticulatus biozones are known to immediately precede the SPICE excursion and span the Middle-Upper Cambrian boundary. The Cambrian-Ordovician boundary is probably situated in the middle Nyajan Horizon of the Iltyk Formation, in which carbon isotope values show a local maximum below a decrease in the upper part of the Nyajan Horizon, attributed herein to the Tremadocian Stage. A refined magnetic polarity sequence confirms that the geomagnetic reversal frequency was very high during Middle Cambrian times at 7-10 reversals per Ma, assuming a total duration of about 10 Ma and up to 100 magnetic intervals in the Middle Cambrian. By contrast, the sequence attributed herein to the Upper Cambrian on chemostratigraphic grounds contains only 10-11 magnetic intervals.

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Improving shallow‐water carbonate chemostratigraphy by means of rudist bivalve sclerochemistry

Huck

Heimhofer

2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Deep-time shallow-marine carbonate platforms record distinct biotic responses to climatic and environmental stressors. Unfortunately, precise temporal assignment of these biotic responses is often problematical due to poor biostratigraphic control and/or a significant diagenetic overprint of the neritic bulk carbonate chemostratigraphic inventory. An accurate stratigraphic framework is essential to better understand the causal relation between biotic events recorded by carbonate platforms and environmental changes that, for instance, culminated in mass extinction events or prolonged episodes of oceanic anoxia. Here we provide an integrated carbon and strontium-isotope stratigraphy of the Early Cretaceous subtropical Provence carbonate platform in SE France that is based solely on pristine low-Mg calcite from rudist bivalves. Carbon-isotope data of geochemically screened rudist fragments enabled reconstruction of a characteristic Barremian pattern including the Mid-Barremian Event (MBE) that allowed for a precise correlation with stratigraphically well-constrained Tethyan shallow-water and hemipelagic reference sections. In order to evaluate ontogenetic carbon-isotope changes and the overall variability of the shell-derived carbon-isotope data, numerous sclerochronological carbon-isotope profiles of individual large rudist shells are presented. Strontium-isotope stratigraphy supports the carbon-isotopebased age of the studied sections, but also provides unequivocal evidence for a major hiatus in the depositional record covering large parts of the Late Barremian. In contrast to biostratigraphic and bulk carbonate chemostratigraphic archives, the here established chronostratigraphy of carbonate platform evolution in the southern Provence region demonstrates a twofold resurgence of rudist-rich carbonate platform production during the Early Aptian and arguably the latest Early Aptian.

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A global carbon isotope excursion (SPICE) during the Late Cambrian: relation to trilobite extinctions, organic-matter burial and sea level

Cited by 245 publications

References 34 publications

Geochemical evidence for widespread euxinia in the Later Cambrian ocean

Geochemical evidence for widespread euxinia in the Later Cambrian ocean

The SPICE carbon isotope excursion in Siberia: a combined study of the upper Middle Cambrian–lowermost Ordovician Kulyumbe River section, northwestern Siberian Platform

Improving shallow‐water carbonate chemostratigraphy by means of rudist bivalve sclerochemistry

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