A global analysis of enemy release and its variation with latitude

Xu, Meng; Mu, Xuemei; Zhang, Shuang; Dick, Jaimie T. A.; Zhu, Bingtao; Gu, Donghong; Yang, Yexin; Luo, Dehai; Hu, Yinchang

doi:10.1111/geb.13229

Cited by 18 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Indeed, our findings show that higher leaf nitrogen content enhances invasion success. Although the higher nitrogen levels favour herbivory, a possible higher phenolic concentration (Funk & Throop, 2009; Kurokawa et al, 2010) or the escape from enemies in the non‐native range might decrease this constraint for non‐native species (Xu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark diversity at home describes the success of cross‐continent tree invasions

Paganeli

Toussaint

Bueno

et al. 2022

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim Non‐native species threaten ecosystems worldwide, but we poorly know why some species invade more. Functional traits, residence time and native range size have been often used as invasion predictors. Here, we advance in the field by linking invasion success to native range parameters derived from dark diversity – a set of species present in the surrounding region that are absent in a study location even if ecological conditions are suitable. We tested whether those parameters improve the description of species success outside their native range. Location North America; Europe and Mediterranean Basin. Methods For 170 tree species native in one and non‐native in another region, we defined their invasion success as the number of locations occupied at the non‐native range. The probabilistic dark diversity was estimated based on the species co‐occurrences in their native ranges. It specifies how suitable is a species for a location, even if the species is absent. We calculated two parameters: sum of native location suitabilities (niche breadth proxy) and dark diversity probability (how often a species is absent from suitable locations, indicating niche realization limitations). We explored whether models including the dark diversity parameters performed better than one with a common species range measure, the number of locations occupied. We accomplished our models by adding functional traits, residence time and invasion direction. Results Invasion success increased with the sum of native location suitabilities and decreased with dark diversity probability. This model with dark diversity parameters outperformed an alternative using the number of native locations occupied. Our best model included invasion direction, functional traits (including mycorrhizal status) and residence time, but dark diversity parameters remained important predictors. Main conclusions The dark diversity parameters can contribute to invasion ecology by linking the species performance in the non‐native range to its niches parameters, derived from the native range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark diversity at home describes the success of cross‐continent tree invasions

Paganeli

Toussaint

Bueno

et al. 2022

Diversity and Distributions

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“…Our results for grasses may be explained by interspecific differences among native and non‐native species since defense investment and growth rate along resource gradients are highly variable among grasses (Massey et al, 2007). In our study, we did not explore whether differences in damage or herbivory translate into performance differences (Chun et al, 2010; Xu et al, 2021). To fully evaluate the enemy release hypothesis, and to establish the linkage between herbivory and invasion, success in different environmental conditions will require experiments that evaluate these factors concurrently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In community studies, co‐occurring natives and non‐natives in a community are compared. The enemy release hypothesis posits that non‐native species have less damage than natives, promoting their invasion (Xu et al, 2021). We did not include biogeographic studies (Colautti et al, 2004) because the species included in those comparisons do not share a common environmental context (they were conducted in two or even more geographic locations) and we were unable to match the effect size to a unique precipitation, temperature or latitude value (Xu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enemy release hypothesis posits that non‐native species have less damage than natives, promoting their invasion (Xu et al, 2021). We did not include biogeographic studies (Colautti et al, 2004) because the species included in those comparisons do not share a common environmental context (they were conducted in two or even more geographic locations) and we were unable to match the effect size to a unique precipitation, temperature or latitude value (Xu et al, 2021). In our initial search we also included the co‐invasion mechanism (Dickie et al, 2010), but it was later discarded because of lack of enough studies conducted in natural conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of invasion mechanisms varies with abiotic context and plant invader growth form

et al. 2022

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Many invasion hypotheses propose biotic interactions as the main mechanismto explain non-native species' success. Despite the evidence that the strength of biotic interactions varies with abiotic context, it remains unclear whether the importance of the different mechanisms proposed to explain invasion predictably varies with the abiotic context and whether this variation is consistent across different growth forms.2. We reviewed studies at a global scale to evaluate whether evapotranspiration, latitude, precipitation and temperature influence the importance of disturbance, enemy release, facilitation, and novel weapons mechanisms to explain non-native plant invasions. In total, we calculated 171 effect sizes for ~300 non-native plant species covering a wide range of environmental conditions and growth forms.3. Environmental context and plant growth form influenced the role played by each invasion mechanism. The importance of disturbance in facilitating invasion exhibited a quadratic relationship with latitude and temperature, and decreased with increasing precipitation. In mixed communities and trees, disturbance was mediated by either evapotranspiration, latitude, precipitation or temperature.Enemy release exhibited a quadratic relationship with evapotranspiration, latitude and precipitation, and it was positively related to temperature. The importance of enemy release was also contingent on growth form and was highly context-dependent. Enemy release responses for grasses, and trees were modulated by either evapotranspiration, latitude, precipitation or temperature. The importance of facilitation decreased with increasing temperature. In forbs, facilitation decreased with evapotranspiration and temperature. The importance of novel weapons was more strongly confirmed for studies conducted at lower evapotranspiration, precipitation and higher latitudes, and exhibited a quadratic relationship with temperature. Synthesis.Our results show that environmental conditions not only filter nonnative species depending on physiological tolerances but may also influence the importance of invasion mechanisms.

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“…The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) postulates that the rapid adaptation and competitive advantage of many alien species in invasive ranges can be attributed to the absence of coevolved native enemies, which greatly contributes to their invasion potential (Keane and Crawley 2002). This hypothesis, despite some supports (e.g., Lucero et al 2019;Xu et al 2021;Costan et al 2022), has also been challenged (Colautti et al 2004; Mitchell et al 2006;Liu and Stiling 2006;Meijer et al 2016). For instance, the performance of alien species may still be heavily in uenced by local herbivores in the invasive ranges after new plant-herbivore relationships have been established (Colautti et al 2004;Chun et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenerational herbivory effects on performance of clonal offspring of the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides

Dong

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Interactions between alien plants and the newly emerging enemies in introduced ranges may determine plant invasion success. However, little is known about whether herbivory-induced responses are transmitted across vegetative generations of plants, and whether epigenetic changes are involved during this process. In a greenhouse experiment, we examined the effects of current, parental and/or grand-parental herbivory by the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura on the growth, physiology, and biomass allocation, and the status of DNA methylation of the first-, second- and/or third-generation clonal offspring of the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides, which were derived from two types of root fragments with different branching orders (i.e., the primary- or secondary-root fragments of taproots). Parental herbivory promoted the growth of the second-generation plants sprouted from the secondary-root fragments, but had a neutral or negative effect on the growth of the second-generation plants from the primary-root fragments. The growth of the third-generation plants was significantly reduced by current herbivory, but not affected by grand-parental herbivory. The first-generation plants exhibited a higher level of DNA methylation when they were grazed by herbivores than when they were not, while neither the second-generation nor the third-generation plants showed the herbivory-mediated changes in DNA methylation. Overall, the herbivory-induced growth response within one generation may represent rapid acclimatization of A. philoxeroides to the unpredictable generalist herbivores in the introduced ranges. Herbivory-induced trans-generational effects may be transient for clonal offspring of A. philoxeroides, which can be influenced by the branching order of taproots, but be less characterized by DNA methylation.

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A global analysis of enemy release and its variation with latitude

Cited by 18 publications

References 67 publications

Dark diversity at home describes the success of cross‐continent tree invasions

Dark diversity at home describes the success of cross‐continent tree invasions

Importance of invasion mechanisms varies with abiotic context and plant invader growth form

Transgenerational herbivory effects on performance of clonal offspring of the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides

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