A Global Analysis of Bim Standards Across the Globe: A Critical Review

Abstract

Building Information Modelling (BIM) represents a paradigm shift in the Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry as companies reposition themselves from a people, technology and process perspective to improve efficiency and quality. The aim of this paper is to identify and compare BIM standards, guidelines and templates from around the globe in order to provide an indicative central resource for BIM documentation and gaps in BIM standards. To achieve this aim, a qualitative research methodological approach was utilised, underpinned by document analysis of BIM standards developed in different countries across six continents. These findings are presented in tabular format along with illustrations to highlight documentation gaps, which form the basis of discussion. This research evaluates 13 countries’ BIM standards, guidelines and templates; the correlation of which presents relationships and synergy, including recommendations for the development of standards based on the gaps presented. Research findings provide a pivotal appreciation of the different levels of maturity – the discourse of which can act as a signpost for each countries reflection, viz: government, industry bodies or academic institution to help develop BIM standards to fill the gaps in contract, Employers Information Requirement (EIR), BIM Execution Plan (BEP) and design documentation.

BIM Standards and Classification Systems in Data Validation

“…These BIM standards are usually adopted through the consensus of organisations involved with the technology and are rarely mandated by a national government agency (Sacks, Gurevich and Shrestha, 2016). The use of BIM standards should enable all project participants to collaborate efficiently, and share compatible BIM models and information (Ganah and Lea, 2021). However, detailed descriptions or guidelines on how data validation should be carried out appear to be missing.…”

“…Meanwhile, some countries (including the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Denmark) have also issued national BIM mandates on government projects (McAuley, Hore and West, 2017). The development and promotion of BIM standards are found to be driven by national real estate agencies and CI organisations (Ganah and Lea, 2021), to facilitate better outcomes on BIM projects. Overall, multiple national actors are seen working on a variety of standards, creating a growing number of standards for the CI.…”

Digitization of AEC Industries Based on BIM and 4.0 Technologies

“…In March 2022, a working group for BIM was established in the Ministry of Development and Technology, which is responsible for developing a strategy for implementing BIM in Poland and supporting the Minister in related activities [20]. It is worth mentioning that in the previously mentioned countries, there are strictly defined requirements regarding BIM, such as the level of representation of design models (LOD), model size, native and non-native formats, and much more [21,22].…”

An explorative analysis of european standards on building information modelling

“…Czech Republic, BuildingSmart), inclusive overall analysis of these standards and their relationships has not been undertaken. In the scientific literature, various authors have reviewed BIM related standards from the generally narrow perspectives of their specific research directions (AbuEbeid & Nielsen, 2020;Binesmael et al, 2018;Ganah & Lea, 2021;Krawczyk, 2020;Kupriyanovsky et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020;Patacas et al, 2020). Most of these works analyse the logic of BIM standard use, or global review of BIM standards, giving some examples of usage, investigating deeper analyses of some particular industries, e.g.…”