A GIS framework for evaluating the implications of urban road network failure due to earthquakes: Bucharest (Romania) case study

Toma-Dănilă, Dragoş

doi:10.1007/s11069-017-3069-y

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…-OpenStreetMap (OSM) vector road network of Bucharest and surroundings (Figure 2) from October 2021, downloaded from the Geofabrik GIS Data Portal (http:// download.geofabrik.de) and reprocessed in ArcGis Network Analyst format through an almost fully automated procedure described in the Network-risk toolbox manual (Toma-Danila and Tiganescu, 2021). Compared to our previous studies (Toma-Danila et al, 2020 or;Toma-Danila, 2018), which used OSM road data from January 2016, October 2021 data has some important additions such as the A3 highway, the Nicolae Grigorescu passage or the Ciurel Passage. The chosen road network extent is also larger, allowing the analysis of many cities close to Bucharest, with significant dependencies on it.…”

Section: Input Data For Bucharestmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Time-Dependent Framework for Analyzing Emergency Intervention Travel Times and Risk Implications due to Earthquakes. Bucharest Case Study

et al. 2022

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Earthquakes can generate a significant number of casualties within seconds, as well as high economic losses. The lack of rapid and coordinated emergency intervention can contribute to much greater losses. In this paper we develop a framework taking advantage of the ArcGis Network Analyst extension, able to account for post-earthquake conditions and reflect travel times. By combining 1) network characteristics with 2) direct seismic damage information, 3) models to determine road obstruction potential, 4) traffic information and time-dependent post-earthquake modeling but also 5) emergency intervention facilities (hospitals or fire stations) and considerations regarding their functional limitations, this framework can provide important support for the management of emergency intervention but also for risk reduction planning. Main results consist of maps showing travel times for various scenarios and moments after an earthquake, inaccessible areas, vital roads for access or an identification of important facilities. As case study we chose Bucharest, one of Europe’s most endangered capitals considering the seismic risk level. The city was and could be considerably affected by earthquakes in the Vrancea Seismic Zone, being characterized by a high number of vulnerable buildings and by one of the greatest typical traffic congestion levels in the world. Compared to previous network studies for Bucharest, the new approach is more complex and customable, providing means for real-time integration and time-dependent analysis. Results, for a worst-case scenario, prove that the risks could be even greater than expected, but also what should be done to mitigate them, such as the construction of a new hospital in the western part of the city, ensuring safe delimited routes for emergency vehicles or expanding the treatment capacity of actual hospitals—some of which also need seismic retrofitting. Results of this study will be integrated in the revised version of the National Conception for Post-Earthquake Response—an operational framework which will lead to risk mitigation through the improvement of post-disaster reaction.

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Section: Input Data For Bucharestmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Recent studies (such as Ianoş et al, 2017, Pavel et al, 2018, Toma-Danila, 2018 have showed the need to improve emergency intervention access and planning in Bucharest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Dependent Framework for Analyzing Emergency Intervention Travel Times and Risk Implications due to Earthquakes. Bucharest Case Study

et al. 2022

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“…Route calculation is used in the wide field of disaster risk and humanitarian response in applications ranging from disaster risk management activation [29], logistics [30] to accessing people in need [31]. Besides flooding, emergency response accessibility calculations are also conducted for other disasters such as earthquakes, e.g., by Ertugay et al [26] and Toma-Danila [32]. In Ertugay et al, calculations of road closure probability in the event of an earthquake are combined with accessibility estimations [26].…”

Section: Short State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accessibility is thereby calculated through two different methods, one being isochrones around health service providers (e.g., hospitals) and shelter sides, and the other being through calculating the travel times to the centroids of the administrative districts of the case study area [26]. In Toma-Danila [32], the probability of road obstruction due to earthquakes was calculated by mapping buildings with a seismic risk class and high probability, and laying buffers around them to determine the areas most likely being affected. Furthermore, the road width was taken into consideration, and bridges were evaluated separately.…”

Section: Short State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

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System Criticality of Road Network Areas for Emergency Management Services—Spatial Assessment Using a Tessellation Approach

et al. 2020

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Emergency management services, such as firefighting, rescue teams and ambulances, are all heavily reliant on road networks. However, even for highly industrialised countries such as Germany, and even for large cities, spatial planning tools are lacking for road network interruptions of emergency services. Moreover, dependencies of emergency management expand not only on roads but on many other systemic interrelations, such as blockages of bridges. The first challenge this paper addresses is the development of a novel assessment that captures systemic interrelations of critical services and their dependencies explicitly designed to the needs of the emergency services. This aligns with a second challenge: capturing system nodes and areas around road networks and their geographical interrelation. System nodes, road links and city areas are integrated into a spatial grid of tessellated hexagons (also referred to as tiles) with geographical information systems. The hexagonal grid is designed to provide a simple map visualisation for emergency planners and fire brigades. Travel time planning is then optimised for accessing city areas in need by weighing impaired areas of past events based on operational incidents. The model is developed and tested with official incident data for the city of Cologne, Germany, and will help emergency managers to better device planning of resources based on this novel identification method of critical areas.

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Robust post-disaster route restoration

2020

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Route restoration is considered to be a task of foremost priority in disaster relief. In this paper, we propose a robust optimization approach for post-disaster route restoration under uncertain restoration times. We present a novel decision rule based on restoration time ordering that yields optimal restoration sequencing and propose conditions for complexity reduction in the model and prove probability bounds on the satisfaction of these conditions. We implement our models in a realistic study of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal.

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A GIS framework for evaluating the implications of urban road network failure due to earthquakes: Bucharest (Romania) case study

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Time-Dependent Framework for Analyzing Emergency Intervention Travel Times and Risk Implications due to Earthquakes. Bucharest Case Study

Time-Dependent Framework for Analyzing Emergency Intervention Travel Times and Risk Implications due to Earthquakes. Bucharest Case Study

System Criticality of Road Network Areas for Emergency Management Services—Spatial Assessment Using a Tessellation Approach

Robust post-disaster route restoration

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