A GIS-Based Planning Approach for Urban Power and Natural Gas Distribution Grids with Different Heat Pump Scenarios

Abstract

Next to building insulation, heat pumps driven by electrical compressors (eHPs) or by gas engines (geHPs) can be used to reduce primary energy demand for heating. They come with different investment requirements, operating costs and emissions caused. In addition, they affect both the power and gas grids, which necessitates the assessment of both infrastructures regarding grid expansion planning. To calculate costs and CO2 emissions, 2000 electrical load profiles and 180 different heat demand profiles for single-family homes were simulated and heat pump models were applied. In a case study for a neighborhood energy model, the load profiles were assigned to buildings in an example town using public data on locations, building age and energetic refurbishment variants. In addition, the town’s gas distribution network and low voltage grid were modeled. Power and gas flows were simulated and costs for required grid extensions were calculated for 11% and 16% heat pump penetration. It was found that eHPs have the highest energy costs but will also have the lowest CO2 emissions by 2030 and 2050. For the investigated case, power grid investments of 11,800 euros/year are relatively low compared to gas grid connection costs of 70,400 euros/year. If eHPs and geHPs are combined, a slight reduction of overall costs is possible, but emissions would rise strongly compared to the all-electric case.

pandapipes: an Open Source Piping Grid Calculation Package for the Application in Coupled Multi-Energy Grid Simulations

“…An approach to integrate gas grid constraints into the flexibility provision model was developed with pandapipes multi-energy on the basis of synthetically created grids. The used medium voltage electric grid [51,70] geographically overlaps with the medium pressure gas grid with direct household supply [7], as shown in Figures 12 and 13. In order to better show the effects occurring in the gas grid, we altered the gas grid data by shifting the slack node, lowering the overall pressure level and artificially increasing the pipe resistance.…”

“…In [6] they resume that increasing grid charges could accelerate gas grid defection as a self-induced effect. Kisse et al [7] investigate the effects that changes in heating technologies for residential buildings have on investments into electrical and gas grid expansion and CO 2 -emissions by evaluating a number of scenarios. In order to improve the prediction of suitable supply scenarios for network operators in a multi-energy system (MES), methods and models have to consider all energy infrastructures in a combined optimization approach.…”

Interdependencies of Infrastructure Investment Decisions in Multi-Energy Systems—A Sensitivity Analysis for Urban Residential Areas

“…Where heating networks can be constructed and operated economically in commercial and mixed areas with high energy consumption, their new construction is often uneconomic in residential building stock with an existing gas grid. In this case, gas burners are frequently replaced by electric heat pumps [12,14,23].…”

Pandapipes: An Open-Source Piping Grid Calculation Package for Multi-Energy Grid Simulations

“…In [6], they put forward that increasing grid charges could accelerate gas grid defection as a self-induced effect. Kisse et al [7] investigated the effects that changes in heating technologies for residential buildings have on investments into electrical and gas grid expansion as well as on CO 2 -emissions. To improve the prediction of suitable supply scenarios for network operators in a multi-energy system (MES), methods and models have to consider all energy infrastructures in a combined optimization approach.…”

“…The gas grid (Figure A3) is derived from grid data in [7] by removing gas service pipes and aggregating sinks at close-by junctions. It is operated at 1 bar and consists of 1506 sinks, each of which is assigned to one of 132 representative profile types.…”