A GIS-based evaluation of risks due to trihalomethane exposure during showering in coastal Texas

Venkataraman, Kartik; Uddameri, Venkatesh

doi:10.1007/s10098-011-0415-8

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Maps of cancer risk were presented in three studies (Karim et al, 2013;Legay et al, 2011;Venkataraman and Uddameri, 2012) and several of these were based on interpolation, using models that were very weakly supported by data. From a risk communication perspective, presenting high resolution maps of cancer risk runs the danger of masking the much lower resolution and precision of exposure data and ERFs used; the public may imagine that interpolated levels of exposure are reliable and representative of their true state of risk.…”

Section: Interpretation and Presentation Of Assessment Results -Risk mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These scenarios included different waste disposal policies (Lahey and Connor, 1983), implementation of carbon removal technologies or alternative water treatment measures (Black et al, 1996;Sadiq et al, 2002;USEPA, 2005;Wang et al, 2007b;Yamamoto, 2011), water privatisation policies (Fehr et al, 2003), and chlorination versus no chlorination (Malcolm et al, 1999). Other studies compared risks under alternative exposure scenarios, such as showering versus drinking (Jo et al, 1990), shower design parameters (Chowdhury and Champagne, 2009), shower usage (Nazir and Khan, 2006;Venkataraman and Uddameri, 2012), and consumption of bottled water versus tap water (Kavcar et al, 2006). Others compared risks related to different kinds of exposure-response data (Attias et al, 1995), or under different assumptions regarding the carcinogenicity of chloroform (Legay et al, 2011).…”

Section: Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Venkataraman and Uddameri (2012) used TTHM monitoring data and groundwater parameters from a very limited number of locations to model TTHM concentrations at those locations, and kriging was used to interpolate TTHM concentrations across a large area (some 30,000 miles 2 ). Karim et al (2013) used kriging of data from a TTHM sampling survey (at 30 locations) to estimate TTHM concentrations for several million inhabitants.…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the human health impacts of exposure to disinfection by-products — A critical review of concepts and methods

Grellier

Rushton

Briggs

et al. 2015

Environment International

105

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Understanding the public health implications of chemical contamination of drinking water is important for societies and their decision-makers. The possible population health impacts associated with exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) are of particular interest due to their potential carcinogenicity and their widespread occurrence as a result of treatments employed to control waterborne infectious disease. We searched the literature for studies that have attempted quantitatively to assess population health impacts and health risks associated with exposure to DBPs in drinking water. We summarised and evaluated these assessments in terms of their objectives, methods, treatment of uncertainties, and interpretation and communication of results. In total we identified 40 studies matching our search criteria. The vast majority of studies presented estimates of generic cancer and non-cancer risks based on toxicological data and methods that were designed with regulatory, health-protective purposes in mind, and therefore presented imprecise and biased estimates of health impacts. Many studies insufficiently addressed the numerous challenges to DBP risk assessment, failing to evaluate the evidence for a causal relationship, not appropriately addressing the complex nature of DBP occurrence as a mixture of chemicals, not adequately characterising exposure in space and time, not defining specific health outcomes, not accounting for characteristics of target populations, and not balancing potential risks of DBPs against the health benefits related with drinking water disinfection. Uncertainties were often poorly explained or insufficiently accounted for, and important limitations of data and methods frequently not discussed. Grave conceptual and methodological limitations in study design, as well as erroneous use of available dose-response data, seriously impede the extent to which many of these assessments contribute to understanding the public health implications of exposure to DBPs. In some cases, assessment results may cause unwarranted alarm among the public and potentially lead to poor decisions being made in sourcing, treatment, and provision of drinking water. We recommend that the assessment of public health impacts of DBPs should be viewed as a means of answering real world policy questions relating to drinking water quality, including microbial contaminants; that they should be conducted using the most appropriate and up-to-date data and methods, and that associated uncertainties and limitations should be accounted for using quantitative methods where appropriate.

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Section: Interpretation and Presentation Of Assessment Results -Risk mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the human health impacts of exposure to disinfection by-products — A critical review of concepts and methods

Grellier

Rushton

Briggs

et al. 2015

Environment International

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Extensive research to estimate health risks associated with THMs through routes of exposure other than direct ingestion by drinking is ongoing. Exposure to THMs through inhalation and dermal contact in swimming pools was investigated by several independent researchers . It was found that THMs in municipal water poses cancer risks to humans through inhalation and dermal contact during showering and swimming as well as through direct ingestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the health impacts of swimming pools on children are less conclusive as Font‐Ribera et al study indicates that asthma risk is not increased by swimming pool attendance by children. Venkataraman and Venkatesh quantified and mapped the toxicological risks associated with exposure to THMs during showering in the Gulf Coast region of Texas. It was found that the areas with the highest estimated cancer risk are metro‐ and micropolitan areas.…”

Section: Formation Of the Different Thm Species In Finished Drinking mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Formation and Decay Kinetics of Trihalomethanes in Water of Different Qualities

Al‐Omari

Muhammetoğlu

Karadirek

et al. 2014

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Despite the many disadvantages associated with the use of chlorine for disinfecting drinking water, chlorination is still the main method used for this purpose worldwide. Low chlorine concentrations in water distribution systems increase health risks whereas high chlorine concentrations are associated with the formation of disinfection by-products such as trihalomethanes which are suspected carcinogens. Due to their negative health impacts, trihalomethanes occurrence in finished drinking water has received great attention from researchers and scientists worldwide. This manuscript critically reviews and discusses up to date knowledge on the occurrence of trihalomethanes in chlorinated drinking water and their associated health risks and identifies research gaps. The models for trihalomethane formation and decay have been compiled with special emphasis on the impact of the bromide ion on the total trihalomethane levels and speciation. Furthermore, the fate and transport of trihalomethanes in drinking water supplies and in groundwater have been investigated. Finally, management options for the reduction of trihalomethanes in chlorinated drinking water such as the removal of precursors from raw water, the use of alternative disinfectants and the removal of trihalomethanes from finished drinking water have been critically investigated and discussed.

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Occurrence and Exposure to Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Kumari

Gupta

2022

Expo Health

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A GIS-based evaluation of risks due to trihalomethane exposure during showering in coastal Texas

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Assessing the human health impacts of exposure to disinfection by-products — A critical review of concepts and methods

Assessing the human health impacts of exposure to disinfection by-products — A critical review of concepts and methods

A Review on Formation and Decay Kinetics of Trihalomethanes in Water of Different Qualities

Occurrence and Exposure to Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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