A geophysical shock and air blast simulator at the National Ignition Facility

Fournier, K. B.; Brown, Charles G.; May, Mark; Compton, S.; Walton, Otis R.; Shingleton, N.; Kane, J.; Holtmeier, G.; Loey, H. K.; Mirkarimi, Paul B.; Dunlop, W. H.; Guyton, Robert L.; Huffman, E.

doi:10.1063/1.4896119

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…19 Such bright beams are expected to advance a range of applications including x-ray sources with unique geometries 32 and the pumping of subsequent plasma amplifiers and compressors to access extreme intensity regimes. 34 In particular, a design and initial testing of a system that can dramatically increase the fluence and energy in a pulse of 1 ns duration in a single beam at the NIF facility is now described.…”

Section: Design Of a Plasma Beam Combiner For The Nifmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 and 2, and where chosen from beams in the same (bottom) hemisphere of the NIF chamber so that in eventual applications of the beam combiner there would be a > 2p sr of solid angle which could be occupied by the target to which the amplified beam would be delivered (see for example Ref. 32).…”

Section: Design Of a Plasma Beam Combiner For The Nifmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We further describe the initial tests of this combiner using only 8 pumping beams to produce resonant amplification of a single beam. 31 The output of this plasma beam combiner is optimized for application in future experiments on nuclear weapons effects at the NIF, 32 and should also find other high energy density physics (HEDP) applications, such as bright x-ray backlighters, and advanced hohlraums 33 or potentially as a driver for a second stage of plasma amplification or compression of a beam with a much shorter pulse. 34 The technique represents one of the first uses of the self-generated plasma optics developed for fusion energy experiments 4 to create optical devices made from plasmas that can withstand fluences and intensities orders of magnitude higher than conventional solid state optics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A plasma amplifier to combine multiple beams at NIF

et al. 2018

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Combining laser beams in a plasma is enabled by seeded stimulated Brillouin scattering which allows cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) to occur and re-distributes the energy between beams that cross with different incident angles and small differences in wavelength [Kirkwood et al. Phys. Plasmas 4, 1800 (1997)]. Indirect-drive implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [Haynam et al. Appl. Opt. 46, 3276–3303 (2007)] have controlled drive symmetry by using plasma amplifiers to transfer energy between beams [Kirkwood et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 55, 103001 (2013); Lindl et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 020501 (2014); and Hurricane et al. Nature 506, 343–348 (2014)]. In this work, we show that the existing models are well enough validated by experiments to allow a design of a plasma beam combiner that, once optimized, is expected to produce a pulse of light in a single beam with the energy greatly enhanced over existing sources. The scheme combines up to 61 NIF beams with 120 kJ of available energy into a single f/20 beam with a 1 ns pulse duration and a 351 nm wavelength by both resonant and off-resonance CBET. Initial experiments are also described that have already succeeded in producing a 4 kJ, 1 ns pulse in a single beam by combination of up to eight incident pump beams containing <1.1 kJ/beam, which are maintained near resonance for CBET in a plasma that is formed by 60 pre-heating beams [Kirkwood et al., Nat. Phys. 14, 80 (2018)].

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Section: Design Of a Plasma Beam Combiner For The Nifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Of a Plasma Beam Combiner For The Nifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A plasma amplifier to combine multiple beams at NIF

et al. 2018

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“…Numerical experiments using material models trained on observations of chemical explosions could be used to predict the effects of large nuclear explosions (Chipman, 2011). And high energy density laser experiments could fill in experimental gaps between chemical and nuclear explosions (Fournier et al., 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Bayesian Inference for Near‐Surface Explosion Yield and Height‐of‐Burst

et al. 2021

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Explosions near the Earth's surface excite seismic motion in the ground, acoustic overpressure in the atmosphere, and optical irradiance in the air. Since geophysical observations of an explosion scale with the explosion size, features related to the seismic, acoustic, and optical observations can be used to infer the explosion size, or yield. There are many studies on the relationship between an explosive source and the resulting ground motion, air blast, and fireball to better understand their damaging effects in a forward sense (Glasstone & Dolan, 1977). However, the combined use of the explosion effects can also be used in the inverse sense (Arrowsmith et al., 2010). For example, Sabatier and Raspet (1988), and later Albert et al. (2013), showed that coupled observations of seismic ground motion and acoustic air blast aid in the understanding of damage from artillery blasts. And Kitov et al. (1997) looked at acoustically induced surface waves for inference of explosive yield and propagation medium properties. Many seismoacoustic inverse studies have to overcome incomplete joint data sets and Stump et al. (2004) showed the benefit of designing arrays that measure the complete seismoacoustic wavefield. A combined approach is especially important when estimating yield for events near the surface. Near-surface interactions will alter the outgoing wavefield such that there is a trade-off between the height-of-burst (or depth-of-burial) of an explosion and its inferred yield. When an explosive source is buried its seismic signal is maximized but its acoustic and optical signals are minimized. When that source is above-ground its acoustic and optical signals are increased but its seismic signal decreases. Therefore, any estimate of near-surface explosion yield must include an estimate of height-of-burst, and these estimates must be made using a combination of seismoäcoustoöptic observations to "break" the trade-off between yield and height-of-burst for any single type of observation. Building on the work from Koper et al. (1999), Koper et al. (2002) analyzed truck bomb explosions and determined relationships between seismic and acoustic observables and yield. They investigated several different features derived from seismic and acoustic observations and found that acoustic observations were the most robust with the impulse per unit area as the least biased measurement. Ford et al. (2014) used their

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“…CBET in fusion experiments continues to be the subject of theoretical and computational research, [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] and a comprehensive model of power flow in the range of conditions in the fusion experiments is presently being developed and validated. 57 In addition, the NIF laser has also been a platform for experiments pursuing other applications, which have both provided the motivation for the further development of these plasma optical components, 58 as well as a platform for experiments to validate that the models could design an optic that increased the energy available in signal NIF beam by 3Â. [59][60][61][62][63] Because of these developments, it now seems appropriate to design ion wave plasma optics for specific future applications and this paper seeks to provide Perspectives on how to proceed with the research needed to do this by considering the techniques such design work will need.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of high fluence laser beams using ion wave plasma optics

Kirkwood

Poole

Kalantar

et al. 2022

Applied Physics Letters

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Optical components for laser beams with high peak and averaged powers are being developed worldwide using stimulated plasma scattering that occurs when plasmas interact with intense, coherent light. After decades of pursuit of pulse compressors, mirrors, and other plasma based components that can be created by stimulated scattering from electron density perturbations forming on ultra-short time scales (e.g., via Stimulated Raman Scattering), more recent work has produced optical components on longer time scales allowing ion motion as well [via Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS)]. In the most recent work, ion wave plasma optics have had success in producing pulses of focusable coherent light with high energy and fluence by operating on ns time scales and now promise to enable numerous applications. Experiments have further shown that in some parameter regimes, even simple plasma response models can describe the output of such optics with sufficient accuracy that they can be used as engineering tools to design plasma optics for future applications, as is already being done to control power deposition in fusion targets. In addition, the development of more sophisticated models promises to enable still higher performance from SBS driven plasma optical components under a wider range of conditions. The present status and most promising directions for future development of ion wave plasma optic techniques are discussed here.

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A geophysical shock and air blast simulator at the National Ignition Facility

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

A plasma amplifier to combine multiple beams at NIF

A plasma amplifier to combine multiple beams at NIF

Joint Bayesian Inference for Near‐Surface Explosion Yield and Height‐of‐Burst

Production of high fluence laser beams using ion wave plasma optics

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