A geometrical optics approach to encircled-flux compliant source modeling for multi-mode fiber illumination and connection attenuation

Floris, Sander J.; Hon, B.P. de; Bolhaar, T.; Smink, R.W.

doi:10.1016/j.yofte.2019.102116

Cited by 4 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…13 that also samples the modal power distribution in Eq. (39) as outlined in [13]. The associated attenuation curve (blue dashed line in Fig.…”

Section: Encircled-flux Compliant Launchmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Of course, the 342 modal amplitudes c m cannot be uniquely determined by just five constraints that are imposed on the intensity distribution. However, by demanding that the launch is spatio-spectrally incoherent [13], it is possible to obtain a unique relation between the desired radial intensity distribution I(ρ) and the model power distribution MPD(δ) which is given by [4] MPD…”

Section: Encircled-flux Compliant Launchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We evaluated the attenuation curves for each of the speckle patterns that together produce a spatio-temporal target encircled-flux compliant near-field pattern. The variation in the attenuation is a measure for modal noise, and in [13], we have shown that this coherent wavefield phenomenon can alternatively be studied in terms of incoherent rays with the aid of the cumulative near-field patterns of the individual speckle patterns. This is also discussed in Section 9.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In an earlier publication, we have shown that it is also possible to generate encircled-flux compliant ray-based launches in multi-mode fibers [13], and to determine design curves that balance core diameter mismatch, numerical aperture mismatch and lateral misalignment for reference-grade connectors specifications that achieve less than a tenth of a dB of attenuation when it makes a physical contact connection to another reference-grade connector [12]. Here, we make a comparison between the vectorial full-wave mode-matching technique and geometrical optics, which reveals that both approaches are in agreement for lateral misalignments up to about 4 µm, after which the attenuation curve produced by the geometrical optics method is a bit higher.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electromagnetic Mode Matching in a Wilson Basis --- Optical Fiber Connections with a Gap

Floris

Hon

Beurden

et al. 2021

Preprint

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On the basis of two optical fibers with an optional lateral and longitudinal displacement in a homogeneous background medium, we describe a general full-vectorial Wilson-basis discretized mode-matching method that evaluates the converged electromagnetic fields after all resonances in the possible gap cavity have settled. Wilson basis functions feature strong localization in both the spatial and the spectral domain, which allows for efficient modal electromagnetic field expansions, adequate truncation of field propagation operators, and sparse translation operators, which in turn allow to make ad hoc electromagnetic field-matching operators. For physical contact connections between single-mode fibers with a mode-field diameter mismatch, we obtain attenuation curves that are right between those obtained from approximation methods that either effectively match the electric field or the magnetic field under the assumption of a vanishing reflection. For fibers separated by a growing gap, constructive and destructive interference patterns in the cavity are computed by the successive application of Love's equivalence principle and the propagation operator. By leveraging the physical width of the Wilson basis functions and the stepsize of the propagation operator, the initial operators may be reused in solving the interface problem for other wavelengths. For multi-mode fiber connections, we provide attenuation curves on a modal electromagnetic field level, as well as for overfilled and core-confined target encircled-flux compliant launches. A comparison to geometrical-optics based approaches shows attenuation differences in the order of several hundredth of a dB, and although that is small, it is significant for modern connection attenuation specifications. In the final example of connections between regular and trench-assisted multi-mode fibers, we notice that the relative change in the cumulative near-field power distribution can be significant, despite a marginally small attenuation. The influence of a core diameter and/or numerical aperture mismatch can be examined with a deliberate lateral misalignment.

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“…13 that also samples the modal power distribution in Eq. (39) as outlined in [13]. The associated attenuation curve (blue dashed line in Fig.…”

Section: Encircled-flux Compliant Launchmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Encircled-flux Compliant Launchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electromagnetic Mode Matching in a Wilson Basis --- Optical Fiber Connections with a Gap

Floris

Hon

Beurden

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In an earlier publication, we have shown that it is also possible to generate encircledflux compliant ray-based launches in multi-mode fibers (Floris et al 2019), and to determine design curves that balance core diameter mismatch, numerical aperture mismatch and lateral misalignment for reference-grade connectors specifications that achieve less than a tenth of a dB of attenuation when it makes a physical contact connection to another reference-grade connector (Floris et al 2012). Here, we make a comparison between the vectorial full-wave mode-matching technique and geometrical optics, which reveals that both approaches are in agreement for lateral misalignments up to about 4 m , after which the attenuation curve produced by the geometrical optics method is a bit higher.…”

Section: Optical Fiber Interconnect Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic mode matching in a Wilson basis: optical fiber connections with a gap

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

On the basis of two optical fibers with an optional lateral and longitudinal displacement in a homogeneous background medium, we describe a general full-vectorial Wilson-basis discretized mode-matching method that evaluates the converged electromagnetic fields after all resonances in the possible gap cavity have settled. Wilson basis functions feature strong localization in both the spatial and the spectral domain, which allows for efficient modal electromagnetic field expansions, adequate truncation of field propagation operators, and sparse translation operators, which in turn allow to make ad hoc electromagnetic fieldmatching operators. For physical contact connections between single-mode fibers with a mode-field diameter mismatch, we obtain attenuation curves that are right between those obtained from approximation methods that either effectively match the electric field or the magnetic field under the assumption of a vanishing reflection. For fibers separated by a growing gap, constructive and destructive interference patterns in the cavity are computed by the successive application of Love's equivalence principle and the propagation operator. By leveraging the physical width of the Wilson basis functions and the stepsize of the propagation operator, the initial operators may be reused in solving the interface problem for other wavelengths. For multi-mode fiber connections, we provide attenuation curves on a modal electromagnetic field level, as well as for overfilled and core-confined target encircled-flux compliant launches. A comparison to geometrical-optics based approaches shows attenuation differences in the order of several hundredth of a dB, and although that is small, it is significant for modern connection attenuation specifications. In the final example of connections between regular and trench-assisted multi-mode fibers, we notice that the relative change in the cumulative near-field power distribution can be significant, despite a marginally small attenuation. The influence of a core diameter and/or numerical aperture mismatch can be examined with a deliberate lateral misalignment.

show abstract

Towards reference-grade multi-mode fiber connectors — Impact of fiber geometry on attenuation and encircled flux

Floris

Hon

Bolhaar³

et al. 2022

Optical Fiber Technology

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A geometrical optics approach to encircled-flux compliant source modeling for multi-mode fiber illumination and connection attenuation

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Electromagnetic Mode Matching in a Wilson Basis --- Optical Fiber Connections with a Gap

Electromagnetic Mode Matching in a Wilson Basis --- Optical Fiber Connections with a Gap

Electromagnetic mode matching in a Wilson basis: optical fiber connections with a gap

Towards reference-grade multi-mode fiber connectors — Impact of fiber geometry on attenuation and encircled flux

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