A Geographic Database Approach to the KT Boundary

Kiessling, Wolfgang; Claeys, Philippe

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59388-8_5

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…So far, 345 K-T boundary sites are recorded in KTbase. The completeness of K-T sections is often debated (see discussion in Kiessling and Claeys, 2001). Biostratigraphic correlation and precision between marine and continental location can be problematic.…”

Section: Completeness Criteriamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These so-called incomplete sites cannot be used to study ejecta distribution patterns, but they might be used to understand some aspects of the K-T extinction (Kiessling and Claeys, 2001).…”

Section: Completeness Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A K-T boundary site is defined as an area where at least late Maastrichtian and/or Danian sediments are preserved. The paleontological part of the database has been described in Kiessling and Claeys (2001), and is not discussed here. Interested colleagues are invited to use additional parts of the database.…”

Section: Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Chicxulub ejecta at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary

Claeys

Kiessling

Álvarez³

2002

Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions: Impacts and Beyond

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104

105

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The mineralogical, sedimentological, and geochemical information in a large database on the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary is used to document the distribution of impact debris derived from the Chicxulub crater. The database is coupled with a geographic information system (GIS) allowing the plotting of the information on a latest Cretaceous paleogeographic map. The database will be available in part on the internet in the near future, and contains data from 345 K-T boundary sites worldwide. However, relatively few sites are known in South America, Australia, Africa, and in the high latitudes. Major disturbances of sedimentation, such as massive debris flows, failure of platform margins, or significant erosion of Upper Cretaceous layers, occur throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Mass wasting of material also took place in the western and eastern parts of the Atlantic Ocean. Almost 100 K-T boundary sites analyzed for Ir recorded the positive anomaly; Ir is spread homogeneously throughout the world, but is diluted at proximal sites because of the high volume of sediment that was in suspension in the Gulf of Mexico after the impact. Shocked quartz is more common, and maybe larger in size west of the crater. The main advantage of the database is to provide a convenient method to manage the huge amount of data available in the literature, and to reveal patterns or characteristics of the data. The database can help refine the variables used in mathematical models and documents the origin, transport, and deposition of ejecta during a cratering event.

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Section: Completeness Criteriamentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Completeness Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Chicxulub ejecta at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary

Claeys

Kiessling

Álvarez³

2002

Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions: Impacts and Beyond

Self Cite

104

105

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“…). However, while such changes have been documented across the K–Pg boundary on a regional scale on the northern hemisphere, very few records exist from the southern hemisphere because of the scarcity of outcrops of sediments of this age (Kiessling & Claeys ). This emphasizes the need for additional studies on K–Pg boundary sections in the southern hemisphere.…”

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confidence: 99%

Climate and sea‐level changes across a shallow marine Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary succession in Patagonia, Argentina

et al. 2017

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Upper Maastrichtian to lower Paleocene, coarse‐grained deposits of the Lefipán Formation in Chubut Province, (Patagonia, Argentina) provide an opportunity to study environmental changes across the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) boundary in a shallow marine depositional environment. Marine palynological and organic geochemical analyses were performed on the K–Pg boundary interval of the Lefipán Formation at the San Ramón section. The palynological and organic geochemical records from the San Ramón K–Pg boundary section are characteristic of a highly dynamic, nearshore setting. High abundances of terrestrial palynomorphs, high BIT‐index values and the occasional presence of plant fossils are indicative of a large input of terrestrial organic material. The organic‐walled dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) assemblage is generally dominated by Senegalinium and other peridinioid dinocyst taxa, indicative of high‐nutrient conditions and decreased salinities, probably associated with a large fluvial input. The reconstructed sea surface temperatures range from 25°C to 27°C, in accordance with the tropical climate inferred by palynological and megafloral studies. As in the Bajada del Jagüel section, ~500 km north‐north‐east of San Ramón, peaks of Senegalinium spp. were recorded below and above the K–Pg boundary, possibly related to enhanced runoff resulting from more humid climatic conditions. The lithological, palynological and organic geochemical records suggest the occurrence of a sea‐level regression across the K–Pg boundary, resulting in a hiatus directly at the boundary in both sections, followed by a transgression in the Danian.

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“…On the contrary, Keller et al (2003Keller et al ( , 2007 proposed that the Chicxulub impact predates the KPB by 300,000 years and did not cause the lateCretaceous mass extinctions or have any significant environmental effects. Their proposal is, however, inconsistent with the currently favoured interpretation that various palaeontological, mineralogical and geochemical data as well geological data all provide support for the genetic relationship between the Chicxulub impact and the deposition of spherule layers of the marine proximal and distal boundary sections worldwide, (Smit 1999;Arenillas et al 2000a,b;Montanari & Koeberl 2000;Kiessling & Claeys 2001;Alegret et al 2002a,b ;Ortega-Huertas et al 2002;Arz et al 2004;Smit et al 2004 ;D'Hondt 2005;Molina et al 2006;Schulte et al 2006). In addition, a number of recent experimental results and observations strongly support the single Chicxulub impact (Griscom & Beltran-Lopez 2002 ;Trinquier et al 2006;Arenillas et al 2006;Morgan et al 2006;Coccioni and Marsili 2007;MacLeod et al 2007 ;Kaminski et al 2008;Schulte et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Experimental evidence for the global acidification of surface ocean at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary: the biogenic calcite-poor spherule layers

Premović

2009

International Journal of Astrobiology

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The massive amount of impact-generated atmospheric CO 2 at the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary (KPB) would have accumulated globally in the surface ocean, leading to acidification and CaCO 3 undersaturation. These chemical changes would have caused a crisis of biocalcification of calcareous plankton and enhanced dissolution of their shells; these factors together may have played a crucial role in forming the biogenic calcite-poor KPB spherule layers observed at numerous oceanic sites and marine (now on land) sites in Europe and Africa. Experimental data and observations indicate that the deposition spherule layer probably lasted only a few decades at most.

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A Geographic Database Approach to the KT Boundary

Cited by 18 publications

References 175 publications

Distribution of Chicxulub ejecta at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary

Distribution of Chicxulub ejecta at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary

Climate and sea‐level changes across a shallow marine Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary succession in Patagonia, Argentina

Experimental evidence for the global acidification of surface ocean at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary: the biogenic calcite-poor spherule layers

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