A geochemical study of Roman to early Byzantine Glass from Sagalassos, South-west Turkey

Oxygen and strontium isotopes as provenance indicators of fish at archaeological sites: the case study of Sagalassos, SW Turkey

“…Arrianos (Anabasis Alexandri I.29) described how Alexander the Great in 333 BC, after taking Sagalassos, ''passed into Phrygia by Ascania Lake (present-day Burdur Lake), where salt crystallizes naturally and is used by the inhabitants who thus need no sea salt''. In the geological survey of the area, many patches and accumulations of salts were found around Lakes Burdur, Yarıs xlı and Aci (Degryse et al, 2005). All this evidence suggests that the salinity of the aforementioned lakes was high.…”

“…There is not a single indication that the lake levels of Yarıs xlı or Burdur, both located within the territory of Sagalassos in Late Roman and Early Byzantine times, were higher in ancient times, as there are Greco-Roman sites around both lakes that are only a few meters above the present lake level. Additionally, historical written sources mention salt exploitation at the margins of Lake Yarıs xlı and Burdur Lake (Degryse et al, 2005). From the archaeological record it is known that Sagalassos relied on local sources.…”

Glass Making in the Greco-Roman World: Results of the ARCHGLASS project

“…Glass from three distinct periods was sampled: imperial (1 st to 3 rd century AD), late Roman (4 th to first half 5 th century AD) and early Byzantine (second half 5 th to 7 th century AD) (Degryse et al, 2009b). Most samples are from the third period, reflecting the majority of the deposits hitherto excavated at Sagalassos (Degryse et al, 2005). Both colourless and naturally coloured glass was sampled.…”

“…Analytical data on Petra, Barsinia, Gonio, Augusta Praetoria, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Oudenburg and Tienen were published by Ganio et al (2012a, b). Data on Sagalassos, Maastricht, Bocholtz and Kelemantia were published in and Degryse et al (2005Degryse et al ( , 2009a. Analytical data on the samples from Petra and Tannur were published by Schibille et al (2012).…”

Evidence for glass ‘recycling’ using Pb and Sr isotopic ratios and Sr-mixing lines: the case of early Byzantine Sagalassos

“…One of the major research topics at Sagalassos focuses on the impact of the economic network of the town on a local to supraregional scale. Glass chunks, fuel ash slag and kiln fragments related to glass processing suggested local secondary production (working) of glass from imperial to early Byzantine times at Sagalassos [8]. From the main element chemistry, it has been demonstrated that a different raw material mix was used in early Byzantine times for locally found blue and green and HIMT glass.…”