A genomic locus in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> with four genes up‐regulated by osmotic stress

Miralles, Vicente J.; Serrano, Ramón

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17040653.x

Cited by 67 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…and sorbitol have similar effects on tyrosine phosphorylation of the Hoglp MAP kinase [6] and on induction of HOG-dependent genes [7,17]. In Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…These two pathways respond to different environmental signals associated with salt stress. While the HOG pathway is responsive to non-specific osmotic stress [6,17], our results indicate that calcineurin-dependent inductior~, can only be triggered by NaCl and not by KCI or sorbitol. This suggests that the calcineurin pathway is specifically activated by sodium ions.…”

Section: ~ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…However, we have realized that induction of this gene by low concentrations of NaCI (0.1-0.4 M) was independent of both regulatory proteins ~'i0]. One possible transduction pathway operating under these conditions is the'r~OG-MAP kinase pathway, which displays maximal levels of activation at 0.3 M NaCI [6,17]. In order to test this hypothesis, an ENAI.LacZ promoter-reporter fusion was integrated into strains YPH.499 and JBY-10 [6], corresponding to wild type and hogl deletion mutant, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, genes containing functional STREs display several copies of the element [7,24]. In addition, a gone has been described that is HOG-dependent but lacks any STRE-related sequence [17]. Further work is required for the identification of the cis-acting elements of the ENAI promoter utilized by the different signal transducing pathways.…”

Section: ~ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple transduction pathways regulate the sodium‐extrusion gene PMR2/ENA1 during salt stress in yeast

1996

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The yeast PMR21£NAI gene encodes an ATPase involved in sodium extrusion and induced by NaCI. At low salt concentrations (0.3 1VID induction is mediated by the HOG-MAP kinase pathway, a system activated by non-specific osmotic stre&~. At high salt concentrations (0.8 M) induction i~ mediated by the protein phosphatase caleineurin and is specific for sodium. Protein kinase A and Sis2ptHal3p modulate PMR21£NAI expression as negative and positive factors, respectively but Sis2p/Hal3p does not perticipate in the transduction of the salt signal. Salt stress dect'eases the level of cAMP and the resulting decrease in protein kinase A activity may contribute t6 HOGmediated Induction.Key words: Signal transduction; Salt stress; MAP kinase; Calcineurin; cAMP; Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1. Introductit, n Living cells can withstand a variety of stress conditions such as extreme temperatures, water deficit, high salt concentrations, starvation etc. Under these circumstances organisms modify their cellular machinery in order to counteract the deleterious effect of damaging agents. This constitutes a stress response and involves modulation of enzymatic activities as well as changes in gene expression [1,2]. In ~'ecent years considerable interest has been raised by the mechanisms of plant tolerance to drought and salinity, two major factors limiting agricultural productivity [3]. The signal transduction pathways operating during osmotic and salt stress are only partially understood and this gap of knowledge is a limiting factor for urgent biotechnological applications [2].The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be utilized as a convenient model system in salinity studies [2]. Salt stress has two major harmful effects for cells: the loss of turgor pressure and the toxicity of Na ÷ ions to cellular metabolism. The adaptation of yeast to these conditions requires the modification of the plasma membrane transport systems to exclude Na + ions from the cytosol and the onset of glycerol synthesis to restore turgor pressure. This adaptation is largely based on changes in the expression of key genes such as PMR21ENAI (in the following referred to as ENAI), encoding an ATPase involved in sodium extrusion [4], and GPDI, encoding~a dehydrogenase involved in gljcerol synthesis [5]. Many other genes are also induced by saP, stress whose contribution to the adaptatio,a, if any, is not well understood [2].In the present work we have investigated the environmental signals and tran,,~lucing pathways mediating the induction of *Corresponding author'. Fax: (34) (6) Materials and methodsYPD and synthetic medium were prepared as described [12]. YPD contained 2% glucose, 1% yeast extract and 2% peptone. Synthetic medium contained 2% glucose, 0.7% yeast nitrogen base without amino acids (Difco), 50 mM MES [2.(N-morpholino) ethanosulfonic acid] adjusted to pH 6.0 with Tris and the amino acids, purine and pyrimidine bases required by the strains.Strains YPH499 (MATs ura3 leu2 his3 trpl lys2 ado2) and JBY10 (isogonic to YPH499 with hogl.Al:: TRPI) ...

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“…and sorbitol have similar effects on tyrosine phosphorylation of the Hoglp MAP kinase [6] and on induction of HOG-dependent genes [7,17]. In Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: ~ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ~ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple transduction pathways regulate the sodium‐extrusion gene PMR2/ENA1 during salt stress in yeast

1996

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“…The mechanism for this decreased expression has not been fully established. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALD2) gene (37) has been shown to be negatively regulated by protein kinase A, and its 5Ј-flanking region contains two classical cAMP-responsive elements. The 66-bp region (Ϫ1057 to Ϫ991) of the rat aldh3 gene (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

cAMP-dependent Negative Regulation of Rat Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Class 3 Gene Expression

Xiao

Falkner

Xie

et al. 1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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We investigated the inhibitory effects of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in regulating class 3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh3) gene expression using cultures of primary rat hepatocytes and transient transfection experiments with HepG2 cells. In addition to regulation by an Ah receptor-dependent mechanism, expression of many members of the Ah gene battery have been shown to be negatively regulated. As was seen for the cytochrome P450 (cyp1A1) gene, aldh3 is transcriptionally inducible by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and this induction involving function of the arylhydrocarbon (Ah) receptor is inhibited by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine di-HCl (H7) and staurosporine. However, PAH induction of ALDH-3 activity, protein, and mRNA was potentiated 2-4-fold by addition of the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, N-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide di-HCl (H8) and N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide HCl (HA1004). These PKA inhibitors had no effect on the PAH induction of the cyp1A1. Protein kinase A activity of cultured hepatocytes was specifically inhibited by H8 and HA1004 in a concentration-dependent manner, but not by H7, and there was an inverse correlation observed between potentiation of PAH-induced aldh3 gene expression and inhibition of specific PKA activity by the PKA inhibitors. The cAMP analog dibutyryl cAMP, the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin, and the protein phosphatase 1 and 2A inhibitor okadaic acid all dramatically inhibited both PAH induction and H8 potentiation of PAH induction of aldh3 expression but had no effect on induction of cyp1A1 expression in cultured hepatocytes.Both basal and PAH-dependent expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression plasmid containing approximately 3.5 kilobase pairs of the 5-flanking region of aldh3 (pALDH3.5CAT) were enhanced 3-4-fold by the PKA inhibitor H8 but not by the PKC inhibitor H7 (>20 M). cAMP analogs, activators of PKA activity, or protein phosphatase inhibitors diminished expression of the reporter gene in a manner identical to the native gene in cultured rat hepatocytes. Using deletion analysis of the pALDH3.5CAT construct, we demonstrated the existence of a negative regulatory region in the 5-flanking region between ؊1057 and ؊991 base pairs which appears to be responsible for the cAMP-dependent regulation of this gene under both basal and PAH-induced conditions. At least two apparently independent mechanisms which involve protein phosphorylation regulate aldh3 expression. One involves function of the Ah receptor which requires PKC protein phosphorylation to positively regulate both aldh3 and cyp1A1 gene expression and the other a cAMP-responsive process which allows PKA activity to negatively regulate expression of aldh3 under either basal or inducible conditions.The aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH, 1 aldehyde NAD(P) ϩ oxidoreductase EC 1.2.1.3) are a family of NAD(P) ϩ -dependent enzymes that oxidize a broad class of alde...

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TheALD6 gene ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a cytosolic, Mg2+-activated acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

Meaden

Dickinson

Mifsud

et al. 1997

Yeast

100

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A genomic locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with four genes up‐regulated by osmotic stress

Cited by 67 publications

References 44 publications

Multiple transduction pathways regulate the sodium‐extrusion gene PMR2/ENA1 during salt stress in yeast

Multiple transduction pathways regulate the sodium‐extrusion gene PMR2/ENA1 during salt stress in yeast

cAMP-dependent Negative Regulation of Rat Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Class 3 Gene Expression

TheALD6 gene ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a cytosolic, Mg2+-activated acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

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