A Genetic Linkage Map for the Zebrafish

Postlethwait, John H.; Johnson, Stephen L.; Midson, Clare N.; Talbot, William S.; Gates, Michael A.; Ballinger, Eric W.; Africa, Dana; Andrews, Rebecca; Carl, T.; Eisen, Judith S; Horne, Sally; Kimmel, Charles B.; Hutchinson, Mark N.; Johnson, Michele Nicole; Rodriguez, Andre

doi:10.1126/science.8171321

Cited by 343 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…For one F 2 mapping family (family 1, Bear Paw-byAnadromous, Table 2), we used bulk segregant analysis (32) to randomly screen through the stickleback genome and localize the Mendelian lateral plate and pelvic loci to chromosomal regions of a linkage map produced by Peichel et al (22). Because this map is constructed with microsatellite markers, it is an excellent tool to compare results from independent studies of the genetic basis of stickleback phenotypic variation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel genetic basis for repeated evolution of armor loss in Alaskan threespine stickleback populations

Cresko

Amores

Wilson

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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323

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Most adaptation is thought to occur through the fixation of numerous alleles at many different loci. Consequently, the independent evolution of similar phenotypes is predicted to occur through different genetic mechanisms. The genetic basis of adaptation is still largely unknown, however, and it is unclear whether adaptation to new environments utilizes ubiquitous small-effect polygenic variation or large-effect alleles at a small number of loci. To address this question, we examined the genetic basis of bony armor loss in three freshwater populations of Alaskan threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, that evolved from fully armored anadromous populations in the last 14,000 years. Crosses between complete-armor and low-armor populations revealed that a single Mendelian factor governed the formation of all but the most anterior lateral plates, and another independently segregating factor largely determined pelvic armor. Genetic mapping localized the Mendelian genes to different chromosomal regions, and crosses among these same three widely separated populations showed that both bony plates and pelvic armor failed to fully complement, implicating the same Mendelian armor reduction genes. Thus, rapid and repeated armor loss in Alaskan stickleback populations appears to be occurring through the fixation of largeeffect variants in the same genes.A central tenet of evolutionary theory is that adaptation in the wild, like artificial selection, occurs gradually through the sequential fixation of small-effect variants (1). Consequently, the independent evolution of similar phenotypes is expected to use unique combinations of genes and alleles (2). New populations, however, are often established in novel environments at the edge of an organism's range, and selective pressures faced in these new habitats are often an important causative factor for adaptive radiations (3). Importantly, novel environments may also have immediate disruptive effects on developmental processes that can expose novel genetic variants, some of which may have large effects on evolving phenotypes (4, 5). The importance of genes of major effect is currently the focus of renewed research (6, 7). The role of major effect genes during adaptation, however, is still unclear, as is the frequency with which recurrent phenotypic evolution occurs through changes in the same (8-11) or different (8,12,13) genes. In addition, the genetics of adaptation has most often been studied in the laboratory (14), with much less work in natural populations (13). To address these problems, we have taken advantage of a unique natural system, the rapid postglacial diversification of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (15). Thousands of coastal freshwater populations of stickleback have derived independently from anadromous (sea-run) ancestors. Phenotypically similar throughout their range, anadromous stickleback are protected with bony armor including lateral plates and a robust set of dorsal and pelvic spines (Fig. 1D). In contrast, derived lacustrine pop...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel genetic basis for repeated evolution of armor loss in Alaskan threespine stickleback populations

Cresko

Amores

Wilson

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

323

422

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“…The potential use of RAPD in genetic mapping and population genetics has been widely documented for a large variety of organisms, including fish (Postlethwait et al, 1994;Foo et al, 1995;Bielawski and Pumo, 1997;Caccone et al, 1997;Dergam et al, 1998;Nadig et al, 1998;Liu et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RAPD markers indicate the occurrence of structured populations in a migratory freshwater fish species

Hatanaka

Galetti

2003

Genet. Mol. Biol.

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Many factors have contributed to the destruction of fish habitats. Hydroelectric dams, water pollution and other environmental changes have resulted in the eradication of natural stocks. The aim of this study was to detect the genetic variation in Prochilodus marggravii from three collection sites in the area of influence of the Três Marias dam (MG) on the São Francisco river (Brazil), using the RAPD technique. The results obtained revealed that the fish in the downstream region nearest the dam have a higher similarity coefficient than those from the other sampling sites that may be related to differences in environmental characteristics in these regions. Additionaly, significant differences in the band frequencies were observed from one collection site to another. These both findings suggest the occurrence of a structured population and have important implications for the conservation of the genetic variability of distinct natural P. marggravii stocks.

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“…Linkage maps have been developed using dominant AFLP markers in channel catfish (Liu et al, 2003), medaka (Wada et al, 1995), tilapia (Kocher et al, 1998) and zebrafish (Postlethwait et al, 1994). A drawback remains the difficulty to anchor such map to any other intra-or interspecific maps without codominant markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), microsatellites or expressed sequence tags (ESTs)-derived markers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sex-specific linkage map of the white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei based on AFLP markers

et al. 2004

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We report the construction of sex-specific linkage maps for the white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei (Penaeidae; Crustacea). Linkage information was generated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers in a mapping panel consisting of 42 individuals derived from a commercial cross. We used 103 primer combinations that produced 741 segregating bands. From them, 477 segregated in a 1:1 model, 181 in a 3:1 model, 62 fitted both models and 21 fitted neither model. A total of 394 loci with a 1:1 segregation ratio were mapped to unique positions in the male and female maps using a pseudotestcross strategy. A total of 51 and 47 linkage groups were detected for the male and female maps respectively, in comparison to 44 haploid groups expected from the karyotype. The female map covered 2771 Kosambi units (cM) and was 24% longer than the male map (2116 cM long). The distribution of the markers showed that both maps had low saturation and clustering at short linkage distances. Markers with a distorted segregation were observed as previously reported in other shrimp species. The estimated genomic length indicates that the P. vannamei genome has higher recombination rates than closely related species. We demonstrate the feasibility of implementing molecular techniques

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A Genetic Linkage Map for the Zebrafish

Cited by 343 publications

References 48 publications

Parallel genetic basis for repeated evolution of armor loss in Alaskan threespine stickleback populations

Parallel genetic basis for repeated evolution of armor loss in Alaskan threespine stickleback populations

RAPD markers indicate the occurrence of structured populations in a migratory freshwater fish species

A sex-specific linkage map of the white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei based on AFLP markers

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