A genetic history of the Balkans from Roman frontier to Slavic migrations

Olalde, Iñigo; Carrión, Pablo; Mikić, Ilija; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Lazaridis, Iosif; Mah, Matthew; Korać, Miomir; Golubović, Snežana; Petković, Sofija; Miladinović-Radmilović, Nataša; Vulović, Dragana; Alihodžić, Timka; Ash, Abigail; Baeta, Miriam; Bartík, Juraj; Bedić, Željka; Bilić, Maja; Bonsall, Clive; Bunčić, Maja; Bužanić, Domagoj; Carić, Mario; Čataj, Lea; Cvetko, Mirna; Drnić, Ivan; Dugonjić, Anita; Đukić, Ana; Đukić, Ksenija; Farkaš, Zdeněk; Jelínek, Pavol; Jovanovic, Marija; Kaić, Iva; Kalafatić, Hrvoje; Krmpotić, Marijana; Krznar, Siniša; Leleković, Tino; M. de Pancorbo, Marian; Matijević, Vinka; Milošević Zakić, Branka; Osterholtz, Anna J.; Paige, Julianne M.; Tresić Pavičić, Dinko; Premužić, Zrinka; Rajić Šikanjić, Petra; Rapan Papeša, Anita; Paraman, Lujana; Sanader, Mirjana; Radovanović, Ivana; Roksandic, Mirjana; Šefčáková, Alena; Stefanović, Sofia; Teschler-Nicola, Maria; Tončinić, Domagoj; Zagorc, Brina; Callan, Kim; Candilio, Francesca; Cheronet, Olivia; Fernandes, Daniel; Kearns, Aisling; Lawson, Ann Marie; Mandl, Kirsten; Wagner, Anna; Zalzala, Fatma; Zettl, Anna; Tomanović, Željko; Keckarević, Dušan; Novak, Mario; Harper, Kyle; McCormick, Michael; Pinhasi, Ron; Grbić, Miodrag; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; Reich, David

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.018

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…We also revealed that Near-Eastern ancestry strongly correlates with group 1 and cline 3.1 (Supplementary Information section 3.2). The genomic makeup of group 1 and cline 3.1, in par with their PCA positions and uniparental makeup, point to strong Late Antique and/or Balkan influence in the region, observed by Olalde et al too (Olalde et al, 2023), as well as suggesting similar impacts in the territory of today's Hungary compared to the Balkans, during the first half of the first millennium CE. Similarly, group 2 can be paralleled with one or more northern European impacts as it was partially described in Vyas et al (2023).…”

Section: Genomic Composition In the 5th-11th Centuries Ce Carpathian ...supporting

confidence: 55%

“…S4.3). We refer to the individuals bearing only European, Near-Eastern and Caucasian ancestry CB-EUR hereafter, as the latter two are basically co-occurrent, do not show any specific ingroup separation in regional IBD analyses (see below), and finally, based on Olalde et al (2023), these appear in the Balkan by the end of the Roman period, therefore are the part of the autochthonous population makeup by the studied era.…”

Section: Genomic Composition In the 5th-11th Centuries Ce Carpathian ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ancient genomes reveal Avar-Hungarian transformations in the 9th-10th centuries CE Carpathian Basin

Gerber,

Csáky,

Szeifert

et al. 2024

Preprint

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During the Early Medieval period, the Carpathian Basin witnessed significant demographic shifts, notably under Avar dominance for approximately 250 years, followed by the settlement of early Hungarians in the region during the late 9th century CE. This study presents the genetic analysis of 296 ancient samples, including 103 shotgun-sequenced genomes, from present-day Western Hungary. Utilising identity-by-descent (IBD) segment sharing networks, this research provides detailed insights into the population structure and dynamics of the region, spanning the 5th to the 11th centuries CE, with certain microregional foci. Our findings highlight extensive homogenisation and reorganisation processes, discontinuities between Hun, Avar, and Conquest period immigrant groups, alongside the spread and integration of ancestry related to the Hungarian conquerors. This research is among the pioneering efforts to apply IBD analysis to ancient DNA, offering a nuanced understanding of the population dynamics between the 8th and 11th centuries CE in the Carpathian Basin.TeaserGenetic formation of mediaeval Hungary, discontinuity between immigrant groups in the first millennium CE

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Section: Genomic Composition In the 5th-11th Centuries Ce Carpathian ...supporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Genomic Composition In the 5th-11th Centuries Ce Carpathian ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient genomes reveal Avar-Hungarian transformations in the 9th-10th centuries CE Carpathian Basin

Gerber,

Csáky,

Szeifert

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…All results fell under the Z2103 (R1b1a1b1b) subgroup. As this subgroup was both found in the Volga region during the eighth to fourteenth centuries (Szeifert et al 2022) and in the local area in pre-Conquest times 15 , 53 , we cannot estimate its time of arrival in the Carpathian Basin. However, Baranja haplotypes from cluster 3 pinpoint a separate population event from the other clusters, most likely originating from the Caucasus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Phylogenetic insights into the genetic legacies of Hungarian-speaking communities in the Carpathian Basin

Borbély,

Dudás,

Tapasztó

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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This study focuses on exploring the uniparental genetic lineages of Hungarian-speaking minorities residing in rural villages of Baranja (Croatia) and the Zobor region (Slovakia). We aimed to identify ancestral lineages by examining genetic markers distributed across the entire mitogenome and on the Y-chromosome. This allowed us to discern disparities in regional genetic structures within these communities. By integrating our newly acquired genetic data from a total of 168 participants with pre-existing Eurasian and ancient DNA datasets, our goal was to enrich the understanding of the genetic history trajectories of Carpathian Basin populations. Our findings suggest that while population-based analyses may not be sufficiently robust to detect fine-scale uniparental genetic patterns with the sample sizes at hand, phylogenetic analysis of well-characterized Y-chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat (STR) data and entire mitogenome sequences did uncover multiple lineage ties to far-flung regions and eras. While the predominant portions of both paternal and maternal DNA align with the East-Central European spectrum, rarer subhaplogroups and lineages have unveiled ancient ties to both prehistoric and historic populations spanning Europe and Eastern Eurasia. This research augments the expansive field of phylogenetics, offering critical perspectives on the genetic constitution and heritage of the communities in East-Central Europe.

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“…In addition, the region experienced increased international connectivity and trade routes across the Empire and the Mediterranean, fostering migrations from diverse corners of the Empire (Cascio 2007; Broodbank 2015). Recent paleogenetic studies (Antonio et al 2019, 2024; Reitsema et al 2022; Skourtanioti et al 2023; Moots et al 2023; Olalde et al 2023) have uncovered evidence of large-scale migrations without population replacement throughout the Mediterranean during this period. The influx of individuals with diverse genetic backgrounds occurred in the context of increased trade and military expansion attested by archaeological and historical data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent paleogenetic studies (Antonio et al 2019(Antonio et al , 2024Reitsema et al 2022;Skourtanioti et al 2023;Moots et al 2023;Olalde et al 2023) have uncovered evidence of large-scale migrations without population replacement throughout the Mediterranean during this period. The influx of individuals with diverse genetic backgrounds occurred in the context of increased trade and military expansion attested by archaeological and historical data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioarchaeological Perspectives on Late Antiquity in Dalmatia: Paleogenetic, Dietary, and Population Studies of the Hvar - Radošević burial site

Zagorc,

Blanz,

Gelabert

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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Late Antiquity Dalmatia was a time and place of political unrest in the Roman Empire that influenced the lives of the people living in that region. The Late Antique burial site of Hvar – Radošević, spanning the 3rd to 5th centuries, is located on the Croatian Dalmatian island of Hvar. Given the time frame and its location on a busy marine trade route, study of this burial site offers us a glimpse into the lives of the Late Antique population living on this island. It comprises 33 individuals, with 17 buried within a confined grave tomb, and the remaining individuals buried in separate locations in the tomb's proximity. Our objective was to provide new perspectives on the lives of people on the island during those times by studying ancestry, population structure, possible differences within the buried population, dietary habits, and general health. Analysis of the ancestral origins of the individuals buried at Hvar – Radošević revealed a diverse population reflective of the era's genetic variability. The identification of genetic outliers suggests affiliations with distinct regions of the Roman Empire, possibly linked to trade routes associated with the Late Antique port in ancient Hvar. Stable isotope ratio analysis (δ13C and δ15N) indicated a diet mainly consisting of C3 plants, with minimal consumption of marine foods. High childhood mortality rates, physiological stress markers, and dental diseases suggest a low quality of life in the population. Assessment of kinship and dietary patterns revealed no discernible distinctions between individuals buried within the tomb and those buried outside, indicative of an absence of differential burial practices based on social status and familial ties.

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A genetic history of the Balkans from Roman frontier to Slavic migrations

Cited by 10 publications

References 81 publications

Ancient genomes reveal Avar-Hungarian transformations in the 9th-10th centuries CE Carpathian Basin

Ancient genomes reveal Avar-Hungarian transformations in the 9th-10th centuries CE Carpathian Basin

Phylogenetic insights into the genetic legacies of Hungarian-speaking communities in the Carpathian Basin

Bioarchaeological Perspectives on Late Antiquity in Dalmatia: Paleogenetic, Dietary, and Population Studies of the Hvar - Radošević burial site

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