A genetic factor model for the statistical analysis of multilocus DNA fingerprints

Krawczak, Michael; Bockel, B

doi:10.1002/elps.1150130104

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…But such an evaluation of x is almost impossible, because generally we neither exactly know the allele systems behind the band occurrences nor their frequencies. A recently published communication [8] outlines a model operating to some extent on the genotype level for studying and evaluating effects due to allelism, linkage, homozygosity and heterozygosity. This communication as well as some other investigations with simulated or real data pointed out that the biostatistical approaches based on the likelihood ratio or the band sharing principle are robust against violations in the HW and LE assumptions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculating paternity probabilities from DNA multilocus fingerprints in some cases of deficiency

Yassouridis

Epplen

1993

Electrophoresis

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Paternity determination via DNA multilocus fingerprints in normal trio cases, namely when the fingerprints of the trio mother, child and putative father are available, is performed on a routine basis. But in cases of deficiency, where the DNA fingerprint of mother or putative father is missing, there exists no systematic, analytical way for paternity calculations, even in cases where DNA fingerprints of other persons related to the missing individual are available. The aim of this paper is to establish a mathematical, analytical background, that enables paternity calculations in cases of deficiency if complementary information can be obtained from the DNA fingerprints of at least one of the parents of the missing individual. Using the basic outline of our previously described procedure, the formulas for paternity calculations also allow mutations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculating paternity probabilities from DNA multilocus fingerprints in some cases of deficiency

Yassouridis

Epplen

1993

Electrophoresis

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“…For example, in a positionby-position analysis of fragment sizes, Krawczak and Bockel( 1992) and Bockel et al ( 1992) showed that the problem of corn&ration may be examined by postulating "position-specific genetic factors," F, an unobservable variable. When F > 0, an individual's DNA fingerprint pattern would exhibit the presence of bands at that position.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of genetic distance and coefficient of gene diversity from single-probe multilocus DNA fingerprinting data.

Chakraborty

1994

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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DNA fingerprinting exhibits multilocus genotypes of individuals, detected by the use of a single multilocus probe. Consequently, population data on DNA fingerprinting do not provide a complete characterization of the genetic variation in terms of allele-frequency distributions, since neither the number of loci nor the locus affiliation of alleles is directly observable. Yet DNA fingerprinting has been proved to be a cost-effective method of detecting hypervariable polymorphisms in several organisms, where the traditional loci fail to detect enough variation for microevolutionary studies. In the present paper we demonstrate that the above-mentioned features of DNA fingerprinting data do not cause any serious problem when they are used in evolutionary studies. Bias-corrected estimators of Nei's standard and minimum genetic distances are derived, and, by an application of this theory to data on seven short tandem repeat loci in three major human populations, it is shown that these modified measures of genetic distances based on DNA fingerprint patterns are quite close to Nei's distances based on locus-specific allele frequencies. Empirical as well as theoretical support of the adequacy of such genetic distances from DNA fingerprinting data is also discussed, and it indicates that the technical limitations of DNA fingerprinting should not deter the use of the method for short-term evolutionary studies.

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“…The simulations described in the previous sections resulted in , and restriction enzyme Hinfl [6]). Thus, expected LR distributions were determined by simulation using these two figures and a mutation probability of w = 0.001, assuming independence of phenotypes at different positions as well as between mother, putative father and biological father (for details of simulations, also see [13]). In cases of true paternity, observed LR distributions are almost the same for all simulation models, as long as only half of the information is scored.…”

Section: Expected and Observed Lr Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas a larger number of contributing loci and alleles would improve the discriminative power of the likelihood approach, genetic linkage and allelic association would detract from it. However, lack of pairwise independence of bands has already been shown to be irrelevant for decision making in paternity cases comprising trios [13].…”

Section: Simplistic Models Vs Complex Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus DNA fingerprinting: The independence problem in quantitative paternity testing

Krawczak¹

1994

Electrophoresis

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A simulation study was performed in order to determine whether or not the assumption of independence, made in the quantitative analysis of multilocus DNA fingerprints, represents an inadmissible over-simplification. A total of 10,000 cases of true and false paternity, respectively, were simulated in twenty replicas of various genetic models. Log-likelihood ratios (paternity vs. non-paternity; LR) were calculated using published likelihood formulae and assuming position-wise independence. The resulting LR distributions were compared to (i) the results of a classical analysis of the underlying genotype data, and (ii) the distributions expected from the likelihood model employed in the LR calculations. Although considerable discrepancies were observed between these distributions, decision making about paternity appeared to be only marginally affected, especially when only a fraction of each multilocus DNA fingerprint was analyzed.

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A genetic factor model for the statistical analysis of multilocus DNA fingerprints

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Calculating paternity probabilities from DNA multilocus fingerprints in some cases of deficiency

Calculating paternity probabilities from DNA multilocus fingerprints in some cases of deficiency

Estimation of genetic distance and coefficient of gene diversity from single-probe multilocus DNA fingerprinting data.

Multilocus DNA fingerprinting: The independence problem in quantitative paternity testing

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