A genetic and cytological analysis of a section deficiency involving four units of the X-chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster

Mohr, Otto L.

doi:10.1007/bf01816753

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Whereas two flies did not produce any offspring, one Notch-like phenocopy produced a cluster of three identical Notch-phenotypes besides a small number of wild-type males and females. These Notch phenotypes were very similar to those depicted in Mohr [43]: wing notches, thickened wing veins, deltashaped wing vein-ends ( Fig. 1), and extra macrochaetae.…”

Section: Mutagenic Effectssupporting

confidence: 81%

Concurrent teratogenic and mutagenic action of 2‐methoxyethanol in Drosophila melanogaster larvae resulted in similar phenotypes: Close resemblance to directed mutations

Eisses

1999

Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen.

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Early third instar larvae of wild-type Drosophila melanogaster were transferred to medium supplemented with 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME) or ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. 2-ME produced terata in adult flies as wing notches and duplications of macrochaetae similar to feeding with methoxyacetic acid (MAA), the oxidation product of 2-ME. Larval feeding with 2-ME also affected the fertility of both females and males. 2-ME or more likely its intermediate oxidation product, methoxyacetaldehyde (MAALD), concurrently generated mutations in the premeiotic stages of the oocytes in the early third instar larvae. The mutagenicity of 2-ME has been confirmed in subsequent small scale experiments. The mutation frequency ranged from 4 x 10(-4) to 1 x 10(-2). Although terata were not supposed to be heritable, 1.1 to 8.7% of the affected females produced offspring with phenotypic similarity to the female parent. This phenomenon looked like a classical example of inheritance of an acquired character. The question is addressed why a Notch-like phenocopy, generated by larval 2-ME treatment, could bring forth Notch and rudimentary mutants in particular. Administration of 2-ME to larvae, containing the highly active alcohol dehydrogenase variant ADH-71k, exposed the mitotic germ cells and the mitotic somatic cells of the imaginal discs simultaneously to the mutagen MAALD and the teratogen MAA, respectively. The chances for specific gene mutations, though non-adaptive, were likely increased by a feedback mechanism: gene-products that were inhibited or disturbed by the teratogen demanded increased transcription of their encoding genes. Transcribed genes are more susceptible to mutagens.

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Section: Mutagenic Effectssupporting

confidence: 81%

Concurrent teratogenic and mutagenic action of 2‐methoxyethanol in Drosophila melanogaster larvae resulted in similar phenotypes: Close resemblance to directed mutations

Eisses

1999

Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen.

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“…As in Periplaneta , these regulatory interactions can allow for sustained growth by maintaining a properly sized and functional GZ. Another study in Gryllus (Kainz et al, 2011) used zygotic Gb-Dl RNAi and observe defects mostly in the development of the nervous system (a universal function of N-signalling in arthropods that is most sensitive to loss or partial loss, as shown in Drosophila (Mohr, 1924; Van Breugel and Langhout, 1983)), but partial loss of segment markers in only a small minority of embryos. These results could be explained as in spiders where zygotic RNAi produced weaker phenotypes compared to maternal RNAi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between a Wnt-dependent organiser and the Notch segmentation clock regulates posterior development in Periplaneta americana

2012

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SummarySequential addition of segments in the posteriorly growing end of the embryo is a developmental mechanism common to many bilaterians. However, posterior growth and patterning in most animals also entails the establishment of a ‘posterior organiser’ that expresses the Caudal and Wnt proteins and has been proposed to be an ancestral feature of animal development. We have studied the functional relationships between the Wnt-driven organiser and the segmentation mechanisms in a basal insect, the cockroach Periplaneta americana. Here, posteriorly-expressed Wnt1 promotes caudal and Delta expression early in development to generate a growth zone from which segments will later bud off. caudal maintains the undifferentiated growth zone by dampening Delta expression, and hence Notch-mediated segmentation occurs just outside the caudal domain. In turn, Delta expression maintains Wnt1, maintaining this posterior gene network until all segments have formed. This feedback between caudal, Wnt and Notch-signalling in regulating growth and segmentation seems conserved in other arthropods, with some aspects found even in vertebrates. Thus our findings not only support an ancestral Wnt posterior organiser, but also impinge on the proposals for a common origin of segmentation in arthropods, annelids and vertebrates.

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“…This zygote would be genetically female and would be deficient in the terminal segment of the translocated autosome. However, the other autosome is complete and the wp allele is then in a hemizygous condition and able to express itself, a condition described as pseudo-dominance (Mohr, 1923). Therefore, the surviving white pupae which do not emerge should all be females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected segregation ratios from male-linked translocations in the Mediterranean fruitfly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Robinson

1984

Genetica

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Three male-linked translocations were isolated in the Mediterranean fruitfly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) which showed sex linkage foran autosomal pupal colour marker, white pupa (wp). The wild type allele (wp-) was translocated to the male-determining chromosome. Males emerge from wild type pupae (brown) and females from white pupae. These lines will be used to develop an automatic sexing system.During maintenance of these lines in large populations it was noted that in two of them there was a significant distortion in the expected 1: I segregation ratio for pupal colour and excess white pupae were produced. However, adults did not emerge from a large proportion of these pupae. Using known numbers of Ist instar larvae from the three lines, the distortion was further studied and the effect confirmed. To account for this pupal colour segregation distortion it was assumed that certain duplication;' deficiency zygotes survive to the late pupal stage. These zygotes have a deficiency for the wild type allele, therefore the normally recessive mutant allele wp could be expressed ('pseudo-dominance').The overall fitness of the three lines was calculated; and their suitability for the genetic sexing of large populations is discussed.

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A genetic and cytological analysis of a section deficiency involving four units of the X-chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Concurrent teratogenic and mutagenic action of 2‐methoxyethanol in Drosophila melanogaster larvae resulted in similar phenotypes: Close resemblance to directed mutations

Concurrent teratogenic and mutagenic action of 2‐methoxyethanol in Drosophila melanogaster larvae resulted in similar phenotypes: Close resemblance to directed mutations

Interplay between a Wnt-dependent organiser and the Notch segmentation clock regulates posterior development in Periplaneta americana

Unexpected segregation ratios from male-linked translocations in the Mediterranean fruitfly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

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