A generic framework for recycling of battery module for electric vehicle by combining the mechanical and chemical procedures

Zhang, Jian; Li, Bingbing; Garg, Akhil; Liu, Yun

doi:10.1002/er.4077

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Establishing automation in the disassembly of EV battery packs has the potential to reduce processing costs and reduce safety concerns due to the high operating voltages of the packs. Although research on optimizing the disassembly of complex products is well established, little work has been dedicated specifically toward EV battery packs . In general, disassembly lines have a low degree of automation due to (a) heterogeneous designs from various manufacturers; (b) modern design complexities (eg, miniaturization and close‐packing); and (c) environmental factors that add variability (eg, physical and corrosion damage).…”

Section: Disassembly Of Ev Battery Packsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

et al. 2020

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Worldwide trends in mobile electrification, largely driven by the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) will skyrocket demands for lithium‐ion battery (LIB) production. As such, up to four million metric tons of LIB waste from EV battery packs could be generated from 2015 to 2040. LIB recycling directly addresses concerns over long‐term economic strains due to the uneven geographic distribution of resources (especially for Co and Li) and environmental issues associated with both landfilling and raw material extraction. However, LIB recycling infrastructure has not been widely adopted, and current facilities are mostly focused on Co recovery for economic gains. This incentive will decline due to shifting market trends from LiCoO2 toward cobalt‐deficient and mixed‐metal cathodes (eg, LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2). Thus, this review covers recycling strategies to recover metals in mixed‐metal LIB cathodes and comingled scrap comprising different chemistries. As such, hydrometallurgical processes can meet this criterion, while also requiring a low environmental footprint and energy consumption compared to pyrometallurgy. Following pretreatment to separate the cathode from other battery components, the active material is dissolved entirely by reductive acid leaching. A complex leachate is generated, comprising cathode metals (Li+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Co2+) and impurities (Fe3+, Al3+, and Cu2+) from the current collectors and battery casing, which can be separated and purified using a series of selective precipitation and/or solvent extraction steps. Alternatively, the cathode can be resynthesized directly from the leachate.

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Section: Disassembly Of Ev Battery Packsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

et al. 2020

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“…Given the lack of information in product variants, battery disassembly is done manually. Only two examples have been found in literature [41,42]. Here, the authors present a concept for a battery disassembly workstation where operators are assisted by robots.…”

Section: Battery Engine Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparison among recycling methods is proposed by some authors [47], in which the final result defines the role of recycling policies that aim to incentivize battery collection and emissions reductions ( Table 2). [48] x [49] x [50] x [51] x [52] x [53] x [54] x [55] x [18] x [42] x [56] x [57] x [21] x [58] x [50] x [59] x [60] x [61] x [62] x [63] x [64] x [65] x [66] x [67] x [68] x [69] x [70] x [71] x [72] x [73] x [42] x [74] x [75] x [76] x [77] x [78] x [79] x [80] x [46] x [81] x [82] x [13] x…”

Section: Ev Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Structured Literature Review on Obsolete Electric Vehicles Management Practices

D’Adamo

Rosa

2019

Sustainability

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The use of electricity for transportation needs offers the chance to replace fossil fuels with greener energy sources. Potentially, coupling sustainable transports with Renewable Energies (RE) could reduce significantly both Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and the dependency on oil imports. However, the expected growth rate of Electric Vehicles (EVs) could become also a potential risk for the environment if recycling processes will continue to function in the current way. To this aim, the paper reviews the international literature on obsolete EV management practices, by considering scientific works published from 2000 up to 2019. Results show that the experts have paid great attention to this topic, given both the critical and valuable materials embedded in EVs and their main components (especially traction batteries), by offering interesting potential profits, and identifying the most promising End-of-Life (EoL) strategy for recycling both in technological and environmental terms. However, the economics of EV recycling systems have not yet been well quantified. The intent of this work is to enhance the current literature gaps and to propose future research streams.

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“…The conventional battery models include equivalent circuit model (ECM) and electrochemical model. Electrochemical model is established to consider chemical‐state changes in operation of batteries . However, some microscopic information (eg, concentration distribution) related to battery voltage/current is difficult to acquire online.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrochemical model is established to consider chemical-state changes in operation of batteries. 11,12 However, some microscopic information (eg, concentration distribution) related to battery voltage/current is difficult to acquire online. There has been an increasing interest in ECM, which is flexible to account the effect of temperature, aging, and other factors on battery operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for remaining discharge time prediction of lithium-ion batteries under dynamic uncertainty

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Remaining discharge time of the battery system in electric vehicles relates strongly to the decision‐making of driving. Subjected to the various uncertainties, such as modeling uncertainty, state estimation uncertainty, and future load uncertainty, the accuracy and reliability of the remaining discharge time prediction reduce, which will lead to range anxiety. A stochastic framework based on the state‐of‐charge estimation and prediction strategy is proposed to predict remaining discharge time against the uncertainty. Firstly, the equivalent circuit model is established to model the dynamic behavior of the battery. Through the analysis of different fitting functions of open circuit voltage and state‐of‐charge, the Akaike information criterion is introduced to select the best function. Secondly, the coestimator is employed to bound the influence of the model parameter uncertainty and noise uncertainty. Finally, the uncertainties are quantified by a probabilistic method, and a Monte Carlo–based stochastic prediction strategy is proposed to predict the probability distribution of remaining discharge time under dynamic uncertainty. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed prediction framework is of great effectiveness as it can provide an accurate remaining discharge time interval under dynamic uncertainty, which helps to promote the energy‐saving driving and overcome the range anxiety.

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A generic framework for recycling of battery module for electric vehicle by combining the mechanical and chemical procedures

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

A Structured Literature Review on Obsolete Electric Vehicles Management Practices

A method for remaining discharge time prediction of lithium-ion batteries under dynamic uncertainty

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