“…(3) Kelejian and Robinson (1993) propose using instrumental variables in connection with spatial models, which leads to a new battery of tests of spatial dependence based, directly or indirectly, on the GMM principle (Anselin and Kelejian, 1997, Kelejian and Prucha, 1999, Conley, 1999, Saavedra, 2003, Kelejian and Prucha, 2004, and Fingleton, 2008 Graaff et al, 2001) and the τ test Pinkse, 1997, Pinkse et al, 2002).…”