A generalized method for calculating plasmoelectric potential in non-Mie-resonant plasmonic systems

Abstract

Since its first observation in 2014, plasmoelectric potential (PEP) has drawn a great deal of research interest in all-metal optoelectronics and photochemistry. As an optical thermodynamic phenomenon induced by the electron number dependent equilibrium temperature in plasmonic nanostructures, the early theoretical model developed for calculating PEP is only applicable to Mie-resonant nanostructures, such as a gold nanosphere on a conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate, where the transfer efficiency of hot electrons from gold to ITO can be analytically determined. Without the presence of the substrate, the temperature increase on the gold nanosphere induced by plasmonic absorption was calculated on the basis of thermal radiation in vacuum, which probably over-estimates the actual temperature increase in comparison to realistic experimental conditions. Here, we propose an equilibrium-thermodynamics computational method to quantify the actual efficiency of plasmon-induced electron transfer between a non-Mie-resonant metallic nanostructure and a conductive substrate and hence determine the resultant plasmoelectric potential. With a less than 2.5% relative error in predicting the steady-state temperature of a Mie-resonant nanoparticle in vacuum, and a more strict evaluation of the plasmonic local heating induced temperature increase in a single plasmonic nanostructure or an array of such structures under continuous-wave illumination (CWI), our generalized method provides a robust and accurate approach for quantifying PEP in various plasmonic-particle (array)-on-film nanocavities.

Plasmoelectric Potential in Plasmon-Mediated Electrochemistry

“…It was reported that off-resonance plasmon excitation generates an appreciable electrostatic potential (plasmoelectric potential) at a plasmonic metal nanostructure supported on a conductive substrate. 39,40 In the current study, the calculated plasmoelectric potentials of Ag NW and Ag NS was in good agreement with their measured photovoltage (Figure 3a) during the whole wavelength range, confirming that the observed photovoltage was indeed plasmoelectric potential. Because the plasmoelectric potential only involves within-electrode electron transfer, it should be the same at different electrode biases.…”

Observation of Plasmoelectric Effect in Plasmonic Zirconium Nitride

“…Thereafter, the plasmoelectric potentials were determined based on the model. [ 9b,17 ] The simulated absorptance, temperature increase, and plasmoelectric potential of ZrN and Au NDs are shown in Figures S2 and S3, Supporting Information, respectively. Some discrepancies are observed in absorptance, particularly for ZrN NDs.…”

“…Thus, it is important to judiciously design nanostructures to achieve narrower plasmon resonances. Therefore, gap plasmons, Fano resonances, lattice plasmons, [ 17 ] and plasmonic bound states in the continuum [ 19 ] are candidates for narrower plasmon resonances using non‐metallic plasmonic materials.…”

Modeling and analysis of nanosphere structure for bio-sensing application

“…A generalized approach is used to calculate the plasma electric potential (PEP) of nano particle. Mie scattering algorithm is compared with the generalized method [5][6]. The array of plasmonics nano structure with silver nanoparticles with different diameter are fabricated.…”