A generalized equivalent circuit model for large-scale battery packs with cell-to-cell variation

Cancian, Massimo; D’Arpino, Matilde; Rizzoni, Giorgio

doi:10.1109/naecon46414.2019.9057803

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Table 1 shows a comparison between SP and PS configurations considering the number of physical interconnections between the cells, sensing, protections and BMS requirements. The PS configuration requires more cell interconnections, resulting in the increase of packaging complexity and connection impedance [14], and a lower number of voltage sensors, BMS board channels and balancing circuits for cell voltage monitoring and cell balancing [28,29]. For this reason, PS configuration is mostly used in automotive applications allowing for cost and complexity reduction.…”

Section: Qualitative Comparison Of Battery Pack Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to highlight that the overall performance of the battery pack is strongly affected by cell-to-cell parameters' variations due to manufacturing tolerances, thermal gradients and cell degradation [14,15,16]. Cell-to-cell parameters' variation usually causes capacity and/or resistance changes, leading to voltage and current imbalances among the cells in the pack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the analysis in [17] is still limited to single series and parallel connections instead of PS and SP architectures. A low-computation generalized equivalent circuit model (GECM) for both battery pack architectures is proposed in [14], representing a useful tool to evaluate the degree of current/voltage imbalance under cell-to-cell variations. The paper reports some preliminary analyses regarding the effect of cell-to-cell parameters' variations on different battery pack architectures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This manuscript proposes a generalized reduced order modeling approach capable of assessing the overall performance of a battery pack experiencing current and voltage imbalances among the cells due to parameters' variations with low computational costs without limitations on the number of cells connected in series and parallel. The GECM presented in [14] is extended including the effect on the open circuit voltages of the cells due to capacity, SoC and resistance imbalances. Then, steady-state model equations are achieved, which allow for defining quantitatively the impact of cell-to-cell parameters' variations at pack level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A quantitative comparison is also reported considering 3P3S and 3S3P architectures as case studies in order to highlight the different severity of the current and voltage imbalances due to parameters' variations occurring among the cells. Section III presents the GECM adopted from [14] and extended in this publication for fully describing the behavior of the complex electrical interconnection of cells in a battery pack architecture. Then, several assumptions are considered for achieving low-computational steady-state model equations capable of directly correlating the amplitude of the imbalance conditions with the severity of the cell-to-cell parameters' variations and the size of the battery pack in terms of series and parallel connections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced Order Model of Common Battery Pack Architectures for Assessment of Cell Parameter Variation Propagation

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Nowadays, the series-parallel (SP) and the parallel-series (PS) configurations represent the main architectures considered for designing a battery pack. In both architectures, cell-to-cell parameters' variations due to manufacturing tolerances, thermal gradients, and cell degradation can strongly impact the overall performance of battery packs. However, the effect of the parameter variation on the pack performance changes depending on the architecture and the number of cells. This manuscript aims at providing a method for the assessment of the impact of cell-to-cell parameters' variations due to potential different aging and thermal conditions for the cells in a generic SP and PS pack architecture. For this purpose, a generalized reduced order equivalent circuit model for the battery pack is defined, leading to a set of steady-state equations for easily and systematically calculating the current and voltage imbalances due to capacity and internal resistance variations independently from the pack architecture and the number of cells. A parametric analysis is reported for quantitatively evaluating the severity of the imbalances due to the cellto-cell parameters' variations for both battery pack architectures. The results of the comparative analysis demonstrate that PS architecture is more impacted by parameters' variations with respect to the SP one, since a higher current imbalance is always obtained. The difference in the severity of the current imbalance in the pack architectures strongly increases as the number of series-connected cells rises. Moreover, among the cell parameters' variations, a major impact of the capacity imbalance on the reduction of the overall performance of the battery pack is observed. INDEX TERMSLithium-ion battery, Battery pack, Cell parameter variation, Voltage and current imbalance, Battery management system, Pack architecture. • mechanical design features for providing protection and robustness to the battery pack [4, 5]; • thermal stability achieved by thermal management systems [6, 7]; • selection and sizing of components needed for ensuring

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Section: Qualitative Comparison Of Battery Pack Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%