A generalized Archie’s law for  n  phases

Glover, Paul

doi:10.1190/1.3509781

Cited by 200 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…This is consistent with the theoretical model of (Glover and Déry 2010;Glover et al 2012b) and also implies that low salinity flattening of C sp is more pronounced for rocks with larger formation factors F and electrical tortuosities τ e and hence for smaller connectedness G and connectivities χ (Glover 2010(Glover , 2017. The best example of this behaviour is the comparison of the results for the authigenic overgrowth forms of the Fontainebleau and Lochaline sandstones with respect to their chemically identical detrital forms.…”

Section: Low Salinity Behavioursupporting

confidence: 75%

Measurements of the Relationship Between Microstructure, pH, and the Streaming and Zeta Potentials of Sandstones

Walker

Glover

2017

Transp Porous Med

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A large number (1253) of high-quality streaming potential coefficient (C sp ) measurements have been carried out on Berea, Boise, Fontainebleau, and Lochaline sandstones (the latter two including both detrital and authigenic overgrowth forms), as a function of pore fluid salinity (C f ) and rock microstructure. All samples were saturated with fully equilibrated aqueous solutions of NaCl (10 −5 and 4.5 mol/dm 3 ) upon which accurate measurements of their electrical conductivity and pH were taken. These C sp measurements represent about a fivefold increase in streaming potential data available in the literature, are consistent with the pre-existing 266 measurements, and have lower experimental uncertainties. The C sp measurements follow a pH-sensitive power law behaviour with respect to C f at medium salinities (C sp = − 1.44 × 10 −9 C − 1.127 f , units: V/Pa and mol/dm 3 ) and show the effect of rock microstructure on the low salinity C sp clearly, producing a smaller decrease in C sp per decade reduction in C f for samples with (i) lower porosity, (ii) larger cementation exponents, (iii) smaller grain sizes (and hence pore and pore throat sizes), and (iv) larger surface conduction. The C sp measurements include 313 made at C f > 1 mol/dm 3 , which confirm the limiting high salinity C sp behaviour noted by Vinogradov et al., which has been ascribed to the attainment of maximum charge density in the electrical double layer occurring when the Debye length approximates to the size of the hydrated metal ion. The zeta potential (ζ ) was calculated from each C sp measurement. It was found that ζ is highly sensitive to pH but not sensitive to rock microstructure. It exhibits a pH-dependent logarithmic behaviour with respect to C f at low to medium salinities (ζ = 0.01133 log 10 (C f ) + 0.003505, units: V and mol/dm 3 ) and a limiting zeta potential (zeta potential offset) at high salinities of ζ o = − 17.36 ± 5.11 mV in the pH range 6-8, which is also pH dependent. The sensitivity of both C sp and ζ to pH and of C sp to rock microstructure indicates that C sp and ζ measurements can only be interpreted together with accurate and equilibrated measurements of pore fluid conductivity and pH and supporting microstructural and surface conduction measurements for each sample.

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Section: Low Salinity Behavioursupporting

confidence: 75%

Measurements of the Relationship Between Microstructure, pH, and the Streaming and Zeta Potentials of Sandstones

Walker

Glover

2017

Transp Porous Med

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“…Meanwhile, independent modifications to the original Archie's law have allowed it to be used when both the pore fill and the matrix have significant electrical conductivities (Glover et al, 2000a;Glover, 2009), such as the case when a rock melt occupies spaces between a solid matrix in the lower crust (Glover et al, 2000b). This has culminated in a generalized Archie's law which is valid for any number of conductive phases in the three-dimensional medium and which was published in 2010 (Glover, 2010).…”

Section: Traditional Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new theoretical interpretation of Archie's saturation exponent

Glover

2017

Solid Earth

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Abstract. This paper describes the extension of the concepts of connectedness and conservation of connectedness that underlie the generalized Archie's law for n phases to the interpretation of the saturation exponent. It is shown that the saturation exponent as defined originally by Archie arises naturally from the generalized Archie's law. In the generalized Archie's law the saturation exponent of any given phase can be thought of as formally the same as the phase (i.e. cementation) exponent, but with respect to a reference subset of phases in a larger n-phase medium. Furthermore, the connectedness of each of the phases occupying a reference subset of an n-phase medium can be related to the connectedness of the subset itself byi . This leads naturally to the idea of the term S n i i for each phase i being a fractional connectedness, where the fractional connectednesses of any given reference subset sum to unity in the same way that the connectednesses sum to unity for the whole medium. One of the implications of this theory is that the saturation exponent of any phase can be now be interpreted as the rate of change of the fractional connectedness with saturation and connectivity within the reference subset.

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“…The Berea sandstone used in this work is strongly water-wet. Consequently, the water phase occupies the pore spaces close to the grain surfaces and the oil phase occupies discrete drops or connected ganglia in the centre of pores, which are continuous through pore throats when they are sufficiently wide and can modify the electrical and hydraulic connectedness of the fluids in the pores 61 .…”

Section: Nanoparticle Breakthrough Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle-Assisted Water-Flooding in Berea Sandstones

Azmi

Raza

et al. 2016

Energy Fuels

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ABSRACT:The use of nanoparticles (NP) to improve reservoir characterisation or to enhance oil recovery (EOR) has recently received intensive interest; however there are still many un-resolved questions. This work reports a systematic study of the effect of rutile TiO 2 nanoparticle-assisted brine flooding. Rutile ellipsoid TiO 2 nanoparticles were synthesised and stabilised by tri-sodium citrate dehydrate for brine flooding of water-wet Berea sandstone cores. Careful characterisation of the rock samples and nanomaterials before and after the flooding was conducted, and the relative contributions to the modified flooding results from the stabiliser and the nanoparticles of different concentrations were examined. The oil recovery performance was evaluated both at break-through (BT) point and at the end of flooding (~3.2 pore volumes). Nanoparticle migration behavior was also investigated in order to understand the potential mechanisms for oil recovery. The results showed that both nanoparticle transport rate and EOR effect were strongly dependent on the particle concentration. The oil recovery efficiency at the BT point was found to increase at low nanoparticle concentrations but decrease at higher values. A maximum 33% increase of the recovery factor was observed at the BT point for a TiO 2 concentration of 20 ppm, but higher nanoparticle concentrations usually had higher ultimate recovery factors. The presence of oil phase was found to accelerate the particle migration though the core. The discussion of various mechanisms suggested that the improvement in the mobility ratio, possible wettability change and log-jamming effect were responsible for the observed phenomena.

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A generalized Archie’s law for n phases

Cited by 200 publications

References 32 publications

Measurements of the Relationship Between Microstructure, pH, and the Streaming and Zeta Potentials of Sandstones

Measurements of the Relationship Between Microstructure, pH, and the Streaming and Zeta Potentials of Sandstones

A new theoretical interpretation of Archie's saturation exponent

Nanoparticle-Assisted Water-Flooding in Berea Sandstones

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