A generalized approach for selecting solar energy system configurations for a wide range of applications

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The Influence of a Photovoltaic Micro-Installation on the Low-Frequency Parameters of Electricity at PCC and Its Impact on the Thermal Characteristics of Selected Devices

“…According to the authors, installing devices that allow the quality of energy supplied to the grid by small photovoltaic installations to be monitored, should be considered a necessity. Due to the considerable increase in the mentioned installations, unfortunately, a vast multiplication of problems related to quality of energy in household networks, similar to those presented in the [18][19][20][21][22][23] recorded in countries where the contribution of renewable energy installations is higher than in Poland, should be expected.…”

The Role of Concentrating Solar-Thermal Technologies in a Decarbonized U.S. Grid

“…CST technology pathways can produce a range of solar fuels, including hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, and synthetic gasoline and diesel (Hinkley et al 2017). Solar thermal technology pathways include reforming, redox reactions, gasification, and high-temperature electrolysis (Doron, Karni, and Slocum 2019;Hinkley et al 2017). Many of these pathways include the production of H2 and syngas (a combination of CO and H2), which can be used as a feedstock for further fuel upgrading and processing.…”

“…Many of these pathways include the production of H2 and syngas (a combination of CO and H2), which can be used as a feedstock for further fuel upgrading and processing. The reactions take place at temperatures of 800°C and higher so that heliostat fields with a central receiver or parabolic dishes are required to reach operating temperatures (Doron, Karni, and Slocum 2019). These pathways are summarized in Figure 32 and discussed in more detail below.…”

“…Several materials have been proposed and studied for use in CST redox reactions. Metal oxides, such as zinc oxide, iron oxide (Fe2O3/Fe3O4), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), and cerium oxide (CeO2, aka ceria), require process temperatures of >1,300°C for direct reduction (Doron, Karni, and Slocum 2019). Ceria can be doped with other metal cations to change its physicochemical properties and tune its performance (Koepf et al 2017).…”

“…Achieving the solar concentration necessary for efficient operation at these temperatures will require the use of heliostat mirrors aimed at a tower-mounted receiver. (Doron, Karni, and Slocum 2019;Yadav and Banerjee 2016) (Table 7). The high temperatures and solar fuel reactor configuration may require a cavity receiver coupled with a polar heliostat field.…”