A Generalization of the Reciprocal Theorem

The NMR Reciprocity Theorem for Arbitrary Probe Geometry

“…The variation of P (d) /P (n) with field depends on the factor (Q) 3 . If the sample is an aqueous solution, and currents associated with the electric fields created according to Eq.…”

Reciprocity in diffusive spin-current circuits

“…In such a device, all the equations for the electric current density j e i and for the component j sz i = m α j sα i of the spin current are invariant with respect to uniform spin rotation (µ sx , µ sy , µ sz ) ⇒ (µ sx cos ϕ − µ sy sin ϕ, µ sy cos ϕ + µ sx sin ϕ, µ sz ) by an arbitrary angle ϕ around the m α . This includes the continuity equations (3,4), the expressions (7,8) for the currents and the boundary conditions (12,13,14)…”

“…2,3 In this paper we show -within the assumptions detailed below -that the entries of a spintronic conductance matrix obey certain general relations that are independent of shape, size and material constants of the actual physical elements, and are similar to classic reciprocity relations for electric circuits. [4][5][6] The ultimate goal of a circuit theory is to describe spintronic circuits using generalized Kirchhoff's rules. Realizing this program, one has to keep in mind, however, that certain differences between spin and electric currents invalidate much of the intuition accumulated in electric circuits.…”

Current transport efficiency analysis of multijunction solar cells by luminescence imaging

“…Because only a small can be further simplified by a two-port passive network in Figure 1C,D based on basic circuit analysis. As the Lorentz reciprocity theorem 22,23 states that,…”