A Generalizable Strategy for the 3D Bioprinting of Hydrogels from Nonviscous Photo‐crosslinkable Inks

Ouyang, Liliang; Highley, Christopher B.; Sun, Wei; Burdick, Jason A.

doi:10.1002/adma.201604983

Cited by 446 publications

(469 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Following hydrogel loading into syringes, syringes were placed into an Instron 5848 mechanical testing machine using a 50 N load cell to assess required forces to maintain a flow rate of 2 mL/h under compression. Printing was performed using a stepper motor‐driven piston‐based nozzle suitable for extrusion on a commercial 3D Fused Deposition Modeling printer (Revolution XL, Quintessential Universal Building Device) as previously described . Standard software was used to generate G‐code (Slic3r) based on 3D computer‐aided design (CAD) models (AutoCAD) and to control hardware (Repetier).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional extrusion bioprinting of single‐ and double‐network hydrogels containing dynamic covalent crosslinks

Wang

Highley

Yeh

et al. 2018

J Biomedical Materials Res

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240

274

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The fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds is indispensable to tissue engineering and 3D printing is emerging as an important approach towards this. Hydrogels are often used as inks in extrusion-based 3D printing, including with encapsulated cells; however, numerous challenging requirements exist, including appropriate viscosity, the ability to stabilize after extrusion, and cytocompatibility. Here, we present a shear-thinning and self-healing hydrogel crosslinked through dynamic covalent chemistry for 3D bioprinting. Specifically, hyaluronic acid was modified with either hydrazide or aldehyde groups and mixed to form hydrogels containing a dynamic hydrazone bond. Due to their shear-thinning and self-healing properties, the hydrogels could be extruded for 3D printing of structures with high shape fidelity, stability to relaxation, and cytocompatibility with encapsulated fibroblasts (>80% viability). Forces for extrusion and filament sizes were dependent on parameters such as material concentration and needle gauge. To increase scaffold functionality, a second photocrosslinkable interpenetrating network was included that was used for orthogonal photostiffening and photopatterning through a thiol-ene reaction. Photostiffening increased the scaffold's modulus (∼300%) while significantly decreasing erosion (∼70%), whereas photopatterning allowed for spatial modification of scaffolds with dyes. Overall, this work introduces a simple approach to both fabricate and modify 3D printed scaffolds. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 865-875, 2018.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional extrusion bioprinting of single‐ and double‐network hydrogels containing dynamic covalent crosslinks

Wang

Highley

Yeh

et al. 2018

J Biomedical Materials Res

Self Cite

240

274

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“…To date, a variety of photo-crosslinkable hydrogels have been developed with tunable mechanical and chemical properties (e.g.,swelling rate, degradability and mechanical strength) for various biomedical applications [14]. As aforementioned, compared with other stimuli (e.g.,pH or temperature), light stimulus is an interesting option as it can be easily controlled to precise locations at defined times and produce hydrogel structures with desirable properties [15].…”

Section: Photosensitive System For the Synthesis Of Photo-crosslinkabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Photo-Crosslinkable Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2019

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Photo-crosslinkable hydrogels have recently attracted significant scientific interest. Their properties can be manipulated in a spatiotemporal manner through exposure to light to achieve the desirable functionality for various biomedical applications. This review article discusses the recent advances of the most common photo-crosslinkable hydrogels, including poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, gelatin methacryloyl and methacrylated hyaluronic acid, for various biomedical applications. We first highlight the advantages of photopolymerization and discuss diverse photosensitive systems used for the synthesis of photo-crosslinkable hydrogels. We then introduce their synthesis methods and review their latest state of development in biomedical applications, including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, drug delivery, cancer therapies and biosensing. Lastly, the existing challenges and future perspectives of engineering photo-crosslinkable hydrogels for biomedical applications are briefly discussed.

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“…SMP-based 4D printing offers structural modification and recovery in response to temperature, which are established through complex functionalities of multiple or reversible shape switching, and such printing may provide inspiration for the molecular architecture of shape memory hydrogels (SMHs). [25][26][27][28][29] The first hydrogel-based bilayer actuation system composed of pNIPAM and acrylamide, obtained through conventional mold techniques, was demonstrated by Hu et al; [25] after that, a range of self-assembled, origami-inspired structures were reported, [27,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] but only a few works successfully realized 4D printing with hydrogels. [22] Therefore, mechanically active, self-shaping hydrogels that undergo desired, programmable 3D shape transformations and execute mechanical tasks as soft robots under an external trigger have recently attracted growing interest.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

4D Printing of Shape‐Memory Hydrogels for Soft‐Robotic Functions

Shiblee

Ahmed

Kawakami

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

146

111

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a new active dimension of "time" has evolved, leading to the new concept of 4D printing, which refers to the ability of 3D printed structures to actively transform over time in response to environmental stimuli. [5] Smart or stimuliresponsive materials have the unique ability to return from a temporary deformed state, induced by heat, light, pH, ultrasound, chemical substances, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] etc., to their permanent, i.e., original, shape, thus exhibiting advantages for applications in numerous sectors, such as sensors and actuators, [14] tissue engineering, [15] bio-separation devices, and controlled drug delivery. [16][17][18][19][20][21] To date, two main types of materials have been considered to realize 4D printing: shape memory polymers (SMPs) and hydrogels. SMP-based 4D printing offers structural modification and recovery in response to temperature, which are established through complex functionalities of multiple or reversible shape switching, and such printing may provide inspiration for the molecular architecture of shape memory hydrogels (SMHs). However, SMPs cannot completely replace hydrophilic soft materials due to the limitations arising from their sustainability in wet environments, rigidity, material permeability, and biological compatibility. [22] Therefore, mechanically active, self-shaping hydrogels that undergo desired, programmable 3D shape transformations and execute mechanical tasks as soft robots under an external trigger have recently attracted growing interest. The use of a hydrogel system in soft robotic counterparts offers distinct advantages: simple designs, low cost, processability at low temperatures and in aqueous environments, and the possibility to mimic human functionality. [23,24] Directed movement of hydrogels can be obtained by expansion/contraction, for example, by isotropic volume expansion or shrinkage of homogeneous hydrogels or by the bending/unbending approach, which represents an anisotropic deformation and often involves fabrication of a hydrogel structure with two layers with different swellability values. [25][26][27][28][29] The first hydrogel-based bilayer actuation system composed of pNIPAM and acrylamide, obtained through conventional mold techniques, was demonstrated by Hu et al.; [25] after that, a range of self-assembled, origami-inspired structures were reported, [27,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] but only a few works successfully realized 4D printing with hydrogels. [28,29] Some noteworthy Hydrogel actuators with soft-robotic functions and biomimetic advanced materials with facile and programmable fabrication processes remain scarce. A novel approach to fabricating a shape-memory-hydrogel-(SMG)-based bilayer system using 3D printing to yield a soft actuator responsive to the methodical application of swelling and heat is introduced. Each layer of the bilayer is composed of poly(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide-co-stearyl acrylate) (P(DMAAm-co-SA))-based hydrogels with different concentrations of the crystalline monomer SA within the SMG network...

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A Generalizable Strategy for the 3D Bioprinting of Hydrogels from Nonviscous Photo‐crosslinkable Inks

Cited by 446 publications

References 30 publications

Three‐dimensional extrusion bioprinting of single‐ and double‐network hydrogels containing dynamic covalent crosslinks

Three‐dimensional extrusion bioprinting of single‐ and double‐network hydrogels containing dynamic covalent crosslinks

Recent Advances in Photo-Crosslinkable Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

4D Printing of Shape‐Memory Hydrogels for Soft‐Robotic Functions

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