A general suite of fungal endophytes dominate the roots of two dominant grasses in a semiarid grassland

Khidir, Hana H.; Eudy, Douglas M.; Porras-Alfaro, Andrea; Herrera, José; Natvig, Donald O.; Sinsabaugh, Robert L.

doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.07.014

Cited by 99 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Our microscopic observations of S. cryptandrus roots and roots of other grass species (e.g., Khidir et al 2010), confirmed the spatial intimacy of the vascular cylinder with fungal hyphae (Fig. 7).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Qiagen's DNeasy Plant Mini Kit was used to extract the DNA per manufacturer's instructions. Fungal specific primers, ITS1F and ITS4, were used to amplify the ITS region (ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8S of fungal rDNA) following Gardes and Bruns (1993) and as described by Khidir et al (2010). After being amplified, ITS rDNA from each plant was sent to the Genome Center at Washington University (St. Louis, MO) for cloning and sequencing.…”

Section: Molecular Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precipitation increases the abundance of some groups of root-associated fungal endophytes in a semiarid grassland

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Diverse communities of Root-Associated Fungal (RAF) species, including Dark Septate Endophytes (DSE), inhabit grasses in semiarid soils. These aridlands are often distinguished by large but variable precipitation events (monsoons). We sought to compare the composition and fungal load of the RAF community inhabiting the roots of Sporobolus cryptandrus, a dominant forage grass, exposed to variable precipitation events. We used a rainfall manipulation experiment at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR) to examine the abundance and composition of the RAF communities using molecular and microscopic techniques. Molecular data reveals that the RAF communities are dominated by Ascomycetes and few sequences were related to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). The most dominant group (Paraphaeosphaeria spp.) clearly increased in abundance in response to water amendments and the addition of similar volumes of water appeared to increase similarity among the RAF communities, irrespective of size and distribution of precipitation events. Microscopic examinations of the roots also revealed an increased fungal load when exposed to elevated moisture, irrespective of rainfall frequency. We suggest that the increase in these cosmopolitan and abundant groups of Ascomycete fungi, in part, represents a common but complicated strategy of water translocation in a variety of soil types, similar to that proposed and shown in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Additional work should examine whether many (or most) members of the Ascomycete RAF also can facultatively broker water in the larger biological network in the soil.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Molecular Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation increases the abundance of some groups of root-associated fungal endophytes in a semiarid grassland

et al. 2011

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“…Most of them could be classified within the Pleosporales, as found in previous surveys in Mediterranean [43,44] or semiarid areas [9,[46][47][48][49]. DSF were also abundant within the root tissues, especially along the longitudinal root axis, and appeared tightly associated to the vascular system as previously observed by [9], who postulated that this demand an active participation in a mutualistic relationship with the host.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…However, Lophiostoma sp. has also been recently found as one of the main DSF endophytes in semiarid grasslands [49], Figure 6 Effects of increasing concentrations of either NaCl or sucrose on radial growth of main endophytes from roots of Inula crithmoides and I. viscosa: OTU01 (a), OTU03 (b), OTU07 (c), and OTU16 (d). Error bars have been omitted for clarity; standard deviations were less than 5 % of the mean value for all cases which suggest a lesser dependence of aquatic habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fungal Assemblages Associated with Roots of Halophytic and Non-halophytic Plant Species Vary Differentially Along a Salinity Gradient

et al. 2012

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Structure of fungal communities is known to be influenced by host plants and environmental conditions. However, in most cases, the dynamics of these variation patterns are poorly understood. In this work, we compared richness, diversity, and composition between assemblages of endophytic and rhizospheric fungi associated to roots of two plants with different lifestyles: the halophyte Inula crithmoides and the non-halophyte I. viscosa (syn. Dittrichia viscosa L.), along a spatially short salinity gradient. Roots and rhizospheric soil from these plants were collected at three points between a salt marsh and a sand dune, and fungi were isolated and characterized by ITS rDNA sequencing. Isolates were classified in a total of 90 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), belonging to 17 fungal orders within Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Species composition of endophytic and soil communities significantly differed across samples. Endophyte communities of I. crithmoides and I. viscosa were only similar in the intermediate zone between the salt marsh and the dune, and while the latter displayed a single, generalist association of endophytes, I. crithmoides harbored different assemblages along the gradient, adapted to the specific soil conditions. In the lower salt marsh, root assemblages were strongly dominated by a single dark septate sterile fungus, also prevalent in other neighboring salt marshes. Interestingly, although its occurrence was positively correlated to soil salinity, in vitro assays revealed a strong inhibition of its growth by salts. Our results suggest that host lifestyle and soil characteristics have a strong effect on endophytic fungi and that environmental stress may entail tight plant-fungus relationships for adaptation to unfavorable conditions.

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“…13,no. 3 occurrence of DSE and AMF and suggest that it is common in plant roots in nature (Rains et al 2003, Muthukumar et al 2006, SantosGonzalez et al 2007, Mandyam & Jumpponen 2008, Khidir et al 2010, Yang et al 2010) and some of them suggest that colonization of roots can be interfered by non-mycorrhizal endophytes, especially during the hot season which corresponds to the plant growing season when water availability is low and that a competition between both endophytes during colonization could limit the distribution of AM in dry region (Mandyam & Jumpponen 2008, Khidir et al 2010, Yang et al 2010. This relation has not been clarified yet; therefore, further studies are needed for resolving the existing relations between both fungal endophytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in Asteraceae from white sand savannas, in Pinar del Río, Cuba

2013

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Asteraceae family shows a great diversity in Cuba and presents threatened taxons in high number. Pinar del Río has 19 threatened species belonging to this family and three of them are characteristic of a sandy (quartzitic) soil at the Reserva Florística Manejada San Ubaldo-Sabanalamar (Floristic Reserve San Ubaldo-Sabanalamar). The arbuscular mycorrhizal status and colonization rate in Aster grisebachii, Erigeron bellidiastroides, Erigeron cuneifolius, Pectis juniperina and Sachsia polycephala (Asteraceae) from this Reserve was determined in October 2009 and April 2010, during hydrologic rainy and dry period, respectively. All species were mycotrophic in both periods with a high percentage of colonization rates, between 66 and 100% in rainy period and between 84 and 100% in dry period. Vesicles, arbuscules, spores, hyphal and arbuscular coils of arbuscular mycorrhizae were observed. Paris -type and Arum -type morphologies (both) were observed indistinctly in all the species, and Intermediate type was observed only in Aster grisebachii and Erigeron bellidiastroides , which could be a hint that these species are colonized by more than one fungal species, and therefore enhancing the relevance of fungal identity as a considerable character in the morphology association. Also, septate hyphae and microsclerotium of dark septate endophytes were identifyed inside the roots of all the species. Resumen: La familia Asteraceae muestra una gran diversidad en Cuba y presenta un elevado número de taxones amenazados. Pinar del Río cuenta con 19 especies amenazadas pertenecientes a esta familia, de las cuales tres son características de los suelos arenosos cuarcíticos de la Reserva Florística Manejada San Ubaldo-Sabanalamar. Se determinó el estatus micorrízico arbuscular y la tasa de colonización de Aster grisebachii, Erigeron bellidiastroides, Erigeron cuneifolius ,Pectis juniperina y Sachsia polycephala (Asteraceae) presentes en esta Reserva, en octubre del 2009 y abril del 2010, durante los períodos hidrológicos húmedo y seco, respectivamente. Todas las especies estaban micorrizadas en ambos períodos con elevados porcentaje de colonización micorrízica, entre 66 y 100% en el período lluvioso y entre 84 y 100% en el período seco. Se identificaron vesículas, arbúsculos, esporas, enrollados hifales y arbusculares característicos de las micorrizas arbusculares. Los tipos morfológicos Paris y Arum (ambos) fueron observados indistintamente en todas las especies, y el tipo Intermedio solo se observó en Aster grisebachii y Erigeron bellidiastroides, lo cual sugiere la colonización de estas especies por más de una especie fúngica y con ello la importancia de la identidad fúngica en la determinación de la morfología de la asociación. Se identificaron además, hifas septadas y microesclerosios de endófitos oscuros septados en el interior de las raíces de todas las especies estudiadas.

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A general suite of fungal endophytes dominate the roots of two dominant grasses in a semiarid grassland

Cited by 99 publications

References 61 publications

Precipitation increases the abundance of some groups of root-associated fungal endophytes in a semiarid grassland

Precipitation increases the abundance of some groups of root-associated fungal endophytes in a semiarid grassland

Fungal Assemblages Associated with Roots of Halophytic and Non-halophytic Plant Species Vary Differentially Along a Salinity Gradient

Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in Asteraceae from white sand savannas, in Pinar del Río, Cuba

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