“…1 But in fact, sometimes, the freedoms of motion are more than control inputs for some systems, making such systems not completely controllable. 2–4 Such systems are called the underactuated systems, 5,6 which always have nonholonomic constraint. 7,8 Underactuated systems are widespread in daily life, such as crane, 9–11 helicopter, 12,13 quadrotor, 14,15 unmanned ship, 16,17 soft robot, 18,19 underactuated manipulator, 20–22 and so on.…”