A General Model for The Estimation of Societal Costs of Lost Production and Informal Care In Italy

Pradelli, Lorenzo; Ghetti, Gianni

doi:10.1016/j.jval.2016.09.108

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the present analysis, we considered only productivity losses of employed people, excluding indirect costs of people out of the labour market. Productivity costs were estimated for different age groups to account for differences in wages, considering age and gender-specific yearly paid production value [56] and employment rates [48]. People aged 65-74 were assumed to be retired, therefore their employment rate was set equal to 0.…”

Section: Cost Analysis: Assessment Of Conditions' Costs and Estimatio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The invisible costs of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): Systematic review and cost-of-illness analysis

et al. 2022

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Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for several diseases and is correlated with other non-medical consequences that increase the disease’s clinical and economic burden. However, OSA’s impact is highly underestimated, also due to substantial diagnosis gaps. Objective This study aims at assessing the economic burden of OSA in the adult population in Italy by performing a cost-of-illness analysis with a societal perspective. In particular, we aimed at estimating the magnitude of the burden caused by conditions for which OSA is a proven risk factor. Methods A systematic literature review on systematic reviews and meta-analyses, integrated by expert opinion, was performed to identify all clinical and non-clinical conditions significantly influenced by OSA. Using the Population Attributable Fraction methodology, a portion of their prevalence and costs was attributed to OSA. The total economic burden of OSA for the society was estimated by summing the costs of each condition influenced by the disease, the costs due to OSA’s diagnosis and treatment and the economic value of quality of life lost due to OSA’s undertreatment. Results Twenty-six clinical (e.g., diabetes) and non-clinical (e.g., car accidents) conditions were found to be significantly influenced by OSA, contributing to an economic burden ranging from €10.7 to €32.0 billion/year in Italy. The cost of impaired quality of life due to OSA undertreatment is between €2.8 and €9.0 billion/year. These costs are substantially higher than those currently borne to diagnose and treat OSA (€234 million/year). Conclusions This study demonstrates that the economic burden due to OSA is substantial, also due to low diagnosis and treatment rates. Providing reliable estimates of the economic impact of OSA at a societal level may increase awareness of the disease burden and help to guide evidence-based policies and prioritisation for healthcare, ultimately ensuring appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic pathways for patients.

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Section: Cost Analysis: Assessment Of Conditions' Costs and Estimatio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The invisible costs of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): Systematic review and cost-of-illness analysis

et al. 2022

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“…According to a recent paper concerning social costs in Italy, 20 it was decided to attribute an economic value to grandparents’ time spent caring for their grandchildren when not at school. The annual cost estimated for over-65s is €6.531 for males and €14.491 for females; these two values were balanced for the over-65s gender distribution in Italy (43% male, 57% female) and converted into a corresponding cost per day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost of acute cough in Italian children

Negro

Turco

Povero³

2018

CEOR

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ObjectivesAcute cough is the most common symptom among children in primary care, but the economic impact of cough episodes has never been investigated in Italian families.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted on a representative sample of Italian families, randomly selected from general population. Collected data were analyzed to evaluate the economic impact of cough episodes according to, first, Italian Family Perspective and, second, National Health System Perspective (NHS-P). The costs considered in the analysis were the cost of drugs used (antibiotics, corticosteroids, antitussive drugs, and aerosol therapy) and the cost of child care during nursery/school absenteeism.ResultsSix hundred four valid questionnaires were analyzed: mean age of children is 7 years (SD=3.3) and that of parents is 40 years (SD=6.2). Mean rate of cough episodes was 3.15/year, and in general, they were short lasting (94.6%, <2 weeks). Nursery/school absenteeism was mostly <7 days (63.2%), but almost 30% of respondents declared 7–15 days. The respondents’ willingness to spend out-of-pocket for an “effective remedy” against cough was an average of €20 (>€30 in 19.7% of cases). The overall economic impact on Italian families was estimated as €1,204 (SD=€88); it resulted in a cost per cough episode equal to €337, mainly due to nursery/school absenteeism (94.6%), whereas pharmaceutical expenditure was marginal (5.4%).ConclusionCough episodes are acute (lasting <1 week, mainly) but frequent, causing a considerable socioeconomic impact. The pharmaceutical costs are in line with parents’ willingness to pay but these costs result negligible when compared to those related to school absenteeism, generally not perceived by parents.

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“…The Italian unit cost for proxy good method was derived from a single Italian study. 22 Several studies reported German unit costs, [23][24][25][26][27] from which the average value was calculated. Table 1 provides the hourly unit cost used in the analyses.…”

Section: Informal Care Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of Providing Informal Care for Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

et al. 2021

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Objectives: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have rapid and irregular heart rates, increasing the risk of comorbidities and mortality. Next to formal medical care, many patients receive informal care from their social environment. The objective of this study was to examine the well-being and economic burden of providing informal care to patients with AF in the UK, Italy, and Germany. Methods: Caregivers of patients with AF completed an online survey based on the iMTA Valuation of Informal Care Questionnaire, with questions about their caregiving situation, perceived burden of caregiving, and absence from work due to health problems resulting from caregiving. Care-related quality-of-life utilities were calculated using the Care-related Quality of Life instrument and associated tariffs. Societal costs of caregiving were calculated based on the proxy good method. Results: A total of 585 caregivers participated in this study. On average, caregivers provided 33 hours of informal care per week to patients (SD 29 hours). On a scale from 0 to 10, their self-rated burden was 5.4. The average Care-related Quality of Life utility was 72. Caregivers primarily indicated problems with daily activities, mental health, and physical health. Still, the vast majority of caregivers (87%) derived fulfillment from providing care. Weekly societal costs of caregiving were on average V636. Comorbidities contributed substantially to the caregiver time and burden. Conclusions: Caring for a patient with AF is associated with substantial objective and subjective burden, but also provides fulfillment from being able to care for a loved one.

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A General Model for The Estimation of Societal Costs of Lost Production and Informal Care In Italy

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

The invisible costs of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): Systematic review and cost-of-illness analysis

The invisible costs of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): Systematic review and cost-of-illness analysis

Cost of acute cough in Italian children

Burden of Providing Informal Care for Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

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