“…A considerable diversity of biotechnological products are being produced through fermentation processesusing either natural strains, selected mutants orrecombinant micro-organisms Inmany cases, a detailed description of the biological process is necessary for rational optimisation and control of the production (Shou-Bai Chao et al , 1992) This description generally includes the determination of kinetic and yield parameters such as specific growth rate, substrate consumption rate, product formation rate and related yields. Usually, these parameters are obtained by off-line measurements (biomass, substrate and product concentrations) since biosensors are not easily availableforthefermentationindustry.…”