A gene horizontally transferred from bacteria protects arthropods from host plant cyanide poisoning

Wybouw, Nicky; Dermauw, Wannes; Tirry, Luc; Stevens, Christian V.; Grbić, Miodrag; Feyereisen, René; Leeuwen, Thomas Van

doi:10.7554/elife.02365

Cited by 134 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(115 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

138

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although mites from this strain had been maintained on bean for many years, previous studies have shown that this population is both not fully inbred (130) and capable of extensive transcriptional plasticity upon transfer to new hosts (18,21,22,44), the latter of which has been further confirmed in this study. We believe therefore that this study has captured much of the repertoire of T. urticae's biologically relevant salivary proteins.…”

Section: Identification Of Salivary Gland Proteinssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…It is conceivable that some spider mites have evolved traits that enable them to resist (5,21,22), attenuate (23), or suppress JA-(5) and SA-related defenses (24) to maintain a high fitness (19). Although it is largely unknown which terminal plant defenses determine resistance or susceptibility to mites, negative correlations were found between mite fitness and several plant secondary metabolites (18,(25)(26)(27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Salivary Protein Repertoire of the Polyphagous Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae: A Quest for Effectors

Jonckheere

Dermauw

Zhurov

et al. 2016

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

Self Cite

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is an extremely polyphagous crop pest. Alongside an unparalleled detoxification potential for plant secondary metabolites, it has recently been shown that spider mites can attenuate or even suppress plant defenses. Salivary constituents, notably effectors, have been proposed to play an important role in manipulating plant defenses and might determine the outcome of plant-mite interactions.Here, the proteomic composition of saliva from T. urticae lines adapted to various host plants-bean, maize, soy, and tomato-was analyzed using a custom-developed feeding assay coupled with nano-LC tandem mass spectrometry. About 90 putative T. urticae salivary proteins were identified. Many are of unknown function, and in numerous cases belonging to multimembered gene families. RNAseq expression analysis revealed that many genes coding for these salivary proteins were highly expressed in the proterosoma, the mite body region that includes the salivary glands. A subset of genes encoding putative salivary proteins was selected for whole-mount in situ hybridization, and were found to be expressed in the anterior and dorsal podocephalic glands. Strikingly, host plant dependent expression was evident for putative salivary proteins, and was further studied in detail by micro-array based genome-wide expression profiling. This meta-analysis revealed for the first time the salivary protein repertoire of a phytophagous chelicerate. The availability of this salivary proteome will assist in unraveling the molecular interface between phytophagous mites and their host plants, and may ultimately facilitate the development of mite-resistant crops. Furthermore, the technique used in this study is a time-and resourceefficient method to examine the salivary protein composition of other small arthropods for which saliva or salivary glands cannot be isolated easily. The family of spider mites (Chelicerata: Acari: Tetranychidae) comprises well over 1000 species, including several that are important pests on crops, and about 0.9 billion euro is being spent annually for their control worldwide (1, 2). These minute herbivores-about 0.5 mm in size-use their stylets to pierce leaf mesophyll cells and to inject saliva, after which they suck out the cytoplasm. This results in cell death visible as chlorotic spots sometimes accompanied by necrosis, and ultimately in leaf abscission (3,4). Among the spider mites, the From the ‡Laboratory

show abstract

Section: Identification Of Salivary Gland Proteinssupporting

confidence: 73%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Salivary Protein Repertoire of the Polyphagous Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae: A Quest for Effectors

Jonckheere

Dermauw

Zhurov

et al. 2016

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

Self Cite

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some insects likely require microbes for detoxification (16), but many caterpillars possess host-encoded mechanisms for degrading or tolerating plant allelochemicals (72). However, there may be a vestigial role for microbes in these processes, as genomes of many Lepidoptera contain microbial genes encoding enzymes with related functions (73,74). These gene acquisitions may have enabled a symbiont-free feeding strategy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caterpillars lack a resident gut microbiome

Hammer

Janzen

Hallwachs

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

359

334

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many animals are inhabited by microbial symbionts that influence their hosts’ development, physiology, ecological interactions, and evolutionary diversification. However, firm evidence for the existence and functional importance of resident microbiomes in larval Lepidoptera (caterpillars) is lacking, despite the fact that these insects are enormously diverse, major agricultural pests, and dominant herbivores in many ecosystems. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR, we characterized the gut microbiomes of wild leaf-feeding caterpillars in the United States and Costa Rica, representing 124 species from 15 families. Compared with other insects and vertebrates assayed using the same methods, the microbes that we detected in caterpillar guts were unusually low-density and variable among individuals. Furthermore, the abundance and composition of leaf-associated microbes were reflected in the feces of caterpillars consuming the same plants. Thus, microbes ingested with food are present (although possibly dead or dormant) in the caterpillar gut, but host-specific, resident symbionts are largely absent. To test whether transient microbes might still contribute to feeding and development, we conducted an experiment on field-collected caterpillars of the model species Manduca sexta. Antibiotic suppression of gut bacterial activity did not significantly affect caterpillar weight gain, development, or survival. The high pH, simple gut structure, and fast transit times that typify caterpillar digestive physiology may prevent microbial colonization. Moreover, host-encoded digestive and detoxification mechanisms likely render microbes unnecessary for caterpillar herbivory. Caterpillars illustrate the potential ecological and evolutionary benefits of independence from symbionts, a lifestyle that may be widespread among animals.

show abstract

“…Cyanide is released to the environment through death and decomposition of plants, but the rate of such production is unknown. With cyanogenic plants, various animals and wildlife are at risk, especially species that feed on such plants and an efficient means of detoxifying cyanide is important to the survival of such animals (Wybouw et al, 2014). Different species of bacteria, fungi, algae and higher plants may serve as natural sources of cyanide if they produce and excrete cyanide (Way, 1984).…”

Section: Author(s) Agree That This Article Remain Permanently Open Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies on the partial purification and characterization of rhodanese from seed and mesocarp of snake tomatoes (Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn.)

Okonji¹,

Fagbohunka²,

Ehigie³

et al. 2017

J. Agric. Biotech. Sustain. Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rhodanese enzyme was partially purified and characterized from seed and mesocarp of snake tomato (Trichosanthes cucumerina) using 80% ammonium sulphate precipitation. The enzyme isolated from T. cucumerina mesocarp had a specific activity of 8.8 RU/mg with a percentage yield of 87.8%, while that from T. cucumerina seed had a specific activity of 19.7 RU/mg with a percentage yield of 14.6%. The K m of rhodanese from T. cucumerina mesocarp and seed for sodium thiosulphate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ) and potassium cyanide (KCN) were 12.5 and 10 mM, respectively. The enzyme from both mesocarp and seed was not inhibited by ammonium persulphate and sodium metabisulphite. The optimum temperature for both the seed and the mesocarp rhodanese was 50°C, while the optimum pH was 8.0 and 7.0, respectively. Rhodanese from T. cucumerina mesocarp was not inhibited by the metal ions at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.001 M, while rhodanese from the seed was inhibited by the metal ions at the two concentrations of each of the salts (KCl, MnCl 2 , NaCl, NiCl 2 , ZnCl 2 and BaCl 2 ) .

show abstract

A gene horizontally transferred from bacteria protects arthropods from host plant cyanide poisoning

Cited by 134 publications

References 56 publications

The Salivary Protein Repertoire of the Polyphagous Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae: A Quest for Effectors

The Salivary Protein Repertoire of the Polyphagous Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae: A Quest for Effectors

Caterpillars lack a resident gut microbiome

Comparative studies on the partial purification and characterization of rhodanese from seed and mesocarp of snake tomatoes (Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn.)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About