A Gender-Stratified Comparative Analysis of Various Definitions of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk in a Multiethnic U.S. Population

Hari, Pawan; Nerusu, Kamalakar C.; Veeranna, Vikas; Sudhakar, Rajeev; Zalawadiya, Sandip; Ramesh, Krithi; Afonso, Luís

doi:10.1089/met.2011.0087

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…These results confirmed previous findings in Tunisian population [5][6][7]17 as well as in others population [18][19][20][21] . Sedentary lifestyle, the lack of participation in physical activities among adult Tunisian women, hormonal factors and postmenopausal weight gain may prove the large waist circumference in women 22,23 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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2016

IJPSR

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Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multi-factorial disorder with insulin resistance as a major characteristic. Adiponectin, an adipocyte derived cytokine, can regulate glucose levels and lipid homeostasis by its insulin sensitizer properties. Low circulating levels of serum adiponectin has been reported as a risk factor for the development of MS. The aim of this case control study was to investigate the association of serum adiponectin concentration, insulin resistance and various risk factors with MS among Tunisian participants. We designed a case-control study involving 100 patients with MS (84 females and 16 males, mean age 54±11 years) and 100 healthy controls (60 females and 40 males, mean age 51±10 years). Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride were determined by enzymatic methods. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) = fasting insulin (uU/ml) x fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)/22.5 and serum adiponectin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Interestingly, 72% of the subjects with MS had high blood pressure. Compared with controls, patients had significantly higher levels of triglycerides (1.64±0.88 mmol /l; 1.07±0.43 mmol/l; p=0.03) and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.26±0.41 mmol/l; 1.58±0.30 mmol/l; p=0.04). In addition, there was a significant difference in serum adiponectin levels between the subjects with MS and controls (13.96±5.23 µg/ml; 22.24±9.07 µg/ml; p=0.006) and the mean levels of HOMA-IR were 5.23±3.52 and 1.83±0.93 for patients and controls, respectively. In conclusion, hypoadiponectinemia and insulin resistance represent risk factors for MS development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Untitled

2016

IJPSR

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“…Most studies have reported the presence of gender differences in the prevalence of MetS components [5–7, 14, 21, 22]. However, the gender-specific differences in characteristics are not consistent across studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in metabolic syndrome components among the Korean 66-year-old population with metabolic syndrome

Lee

Kwak

et al. 2016

BMC Geriatr

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BackgroundGender is thought to be an important factor in metabolic syndrome and its outcomes. Despite a number of studies that have demonstrated differences in metabolism and its components that are dependent on gender, limited information about gender differences on the characteristics of metabolic syndrome and its components is available regarding the Korean old adult population. This study aimed to identify gender differences in characteristics of the metabolic syndrome and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease.MethodsSecondary analysis of data from a nationwide cross-sectional survey for health examination at the time of transitioning from midlife to old age was performed. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for gender differences among the Korean 66-year-old population with metabolic syndrome.ResultsGender differences in metabolic syndrome components that contributed to the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome were identified. In males, the most common component was high blood sugar levels (87.5 %), followed by elevated triglyceride levels (83.5 %) and high blood pressure (83.1 %). In females, the most commonly identified component was elevated triglyceride levels (79.0 %), followed by high blood sugar levels (78.6 %) and high blood pressure (78.5 %). Gender differences for other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including family history, health habits, and body mass index were observed.ConclusionsGender-specific public health policies and management strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease among the older adult population should be developed for Koreans undergoing the physiological transition to old age.

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“…However, whether these sex related differences in metabolic profiles are associated with a differential risk for Type 2 diabetes, CVD and overall mortality, is not clearly known [71]. While there are studies that support the notion of differential risk based on the combination of MetS components [72], to our knowledge, only a very few sex specific analyses of CVD and mortality risk in patients with MetS have been described [71,73]. Future studies from large community-based investigations should help better understand this concept of differential risk in MetS, as it is an important consideration when designing risk reduction strategies.…”

Section: Clinical Implication Of Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Syndrome: Does it Differ Between Women and Men?

Rochlani

Pothineni

Mehta

2015

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther

129

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Cardiovascular disease represents a massive healthcare burden worldwide. Gender differences in the pathophysiology, presentation and prognosis of cardiovascular disease have been described in the literature. Metabolic syndrome, characterized by a cluster of metabolic abnormalities is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. With the global obesity epidemic, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is rising rapidly in the developed as well as developing world. However, there is considerable variation in the prevalence based on geography, age, sex and, definition used for diagnosis. Data on gender related differences in metabolic syndrome is relatively scarce. Here, we aim to review the gender differences in epidemiology and pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome as well as its individual components. Knowledge of gender differences in metabolic syndrome can help design gender specific preventative and therapeutic strategies that will have a positive impact on overall population health.

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A Gender-Stratified Comparative Analysis of Various Definitions of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk in a Multiethnic U.S. Population

Abstract: We found the newly defined consensus criteria for metabolic syndrome to be similarly predictive of cardiovascular events when compared to existing definitions. Significant gender differences exist in the association between metabolic syndrome, its individual components, and CVD.

Cited by 40 publications

References 34 publications

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Gender differences in metabolic syndrome components among the Korean 66-year-old population with metabolic syndrome

Metabolic Syndrome: Does it Differ Between Women and Men?

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