A geminivirus betasatellite damages the structural and functional integrity of chloroplasts leading to symptom formation and inhibition of photosynthesis

Bhattacharyya, Dhriti; Gnanasekaran, Prabu; Reddy, Kiran K.; Kushwaha, Nirbhay Kumar; Sharma, V. K.; Yusuf, Mohammad; Chakraborty, Supriya

doi:10.1093/jxb/erv299

Cited by 110 publications

(95 citation statements)

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“…2), manifesting the detrimental effect of βC1 in plant photosynthesis. Thus, our data are consistent with the previous findings in which βC1 was associated with reduced Chl amounts and development of yellowing symptoms (Bhattacharyya et al, 2015; Funayama-Noguchi and Terashima, 2006; Rong et al, 2018). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The geminiviruses betasatellite-encoded βC1 gene acts as a symptom determinant, suppresses transcriptional or posttranscriptional gene silencing and affects jasmonic acid responsive genes (Zhou, 2013). βC1 of RaLCB has been reported to reduce the amount of Chl and alter the quantity of PSII-related proteins in N. benthamiana (Bhattacharyya et al, 2015). In this study, we determined the effect of TYLCCNV and its betasatelliteencoded pathogenicity factor, βC1, on the compromised photosynthetic capability in N. benthamiana .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coding sequences in betasatellites only encode a βC1 protein which, in addition to function as a suppressor of gene silencing, plays critical roles in symptoms development (Zhou, 2013). The βC1 of a begomovirus, Radish leaf curl virus (RaLCB), has been reported to contribute to photosynthesis-related viral symptoms through interfering with chloroplasts’ ultrastructure and expression of photosystem genes (Bhattacharyya et al, 2015). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies described the effect of viral infection on plants’ photosynthetic efficiency and expression of chloroplast proteins at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels, which shed light on the molecular events during symptom progression (Bhattacharyya et al, 2015). Following this clue, the present study aims to elucidate the putative roles of TYLCCNV and TYLCCNV betasatellite–encoded pathogenicity factor, βC1, in the development of photosynthesis-related disease symptoms.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl China Virus Impairs Photosynthesis in the Infected Nicotiana benthamiana with βC1 as an Aggravating Factor

et al. 2019

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl China Virus Impairs Photosynthesis in the Infected Nicotiana benthamiana with βC1 as an Aggravating Factor

et al. 2019

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“…It remains unknown how the interaction of viral proteins with particular target proteins could lead the CPRGs transcriptome to global down-regulation. A recent study has shown that bC1 protein encoded by Geminivirus beta-satellite DNA has a role in vein chlorosis symptoms and inhibition of photosynthesis, which accompany the impaired chloroplasts structure and function and the reduced levels of CPRGs expression, in Nicotiana benthamiana plants [4]. It remains unclear how bC1 protein fulfills the pathogenic function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inducible transgenic tobacco system to study the mechanisms underlying chlorosis mediated by the silencing of chloroplast heat shock protein 90

et al. 2017

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Chlorosis is one of the most common symptoms of plant diseases, including those caused by viruses and viroids. Recently, a study has shown that Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) exploits host RNA silencing machinery to modulate the virus disease symptoms through the silencing of chloroplast-targeted heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90C). To understand the molecular mechanisms of chlorosis in this viroid disease, we established an experimental system suitable for studying the mechanism underlying the chlorosis induced by the RNA silencing of Hsp90C in transgenic tobacco. Hairpin RNA of the Hsp90C-specific region was expressed under the control of a dexamethasone-inducible promoter, resulted in the silencing of Hsp90C gene in 2 days and the chlorosis along with growth suppression phenotypes. Time course study suggests that a sign of chlorosis can be monitored as early as 2 days, suggesting that this experimental model is suitable for studying the molecular events taken place before and after the onset of chlorosis. During the early phase of chlorosis development, the chloroplast-and photosynthesis-related genes were downregulated. It should be noted that some pathogenesis related genes were upregulated during the early phase of chlorosis in spite of the absence of any pathogen-derived molecules in this system.

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Lights Out. The Chloroplast Under Attack During Phytoplasma Infection?

Janik¹,

Mittelberger²,

Moser

2020

Annual Plant Reviews Online

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Phytoplasma infections lead to high economic losses in different crops worldwide. The array of symptoms induced by an infection depends on the causative phytoplasma species and the infected plant host. The symptom of yellowing or chlorosis is common and characteristic for all so far known phytoplasma diseases. Yellowing and chlorosis indicate that the chloroplast and its components are affected during phytoplasma infection and indeed, perturbations of the photosynthetic apparatus and carbohydrate metabolic pathways of the host plant are the most prominent alterations seen in diverse phytoplasma pathosystems. Even though the role of the chloroplast and its function as a target in effector‐mediated plant pathologies becomes more evident, its importance during phytoplasma infection remains elusive. In this article, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the chloroplast role in plant immunity, and why it is an interesting target for phytoplasma. A special focus will be on pathogen effectors that directly target the chloroplast. On this basis, we propose three hypotheses about the potential role of this organelle in phytoplasma infection. The aim of this article is to motivate research to experimentally test these hypotheses and provide important information that goes beyond the mere description of physiological changes seen during phytoplasmal infections.

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A geminivirus betasatellite damages the structural and functional integrity of chloroplasts leading to symptom formation and inhibition of photosynthesis

Abstract: HighlightA satellite DNA-encoded protein (βC1) is localized in the chloroplast. The intercellular events associated with βC1-induced photosynthetic inhibition and vein clearing symptom formation are discussed.

Cited by 110 publications

References 50 publications

Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl China Virus Impairs Photosynthesis in the Infected Nicotiana benthamiana with βC1 as an Aggravating Factor

Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl China Virus Impairs Photosynthesis in the Infected Nicotiana benthamiana with βC1 as an Aggravating Factor

Inducible transgenic tobacco system to study the mechanisms underlying chlorosis mediated by the silencing of chloroplast heat shock protein 90

Lights Out. The Chloroplast Under Attack During Phytoplasma Infection?

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