A GBF-binding site and a novel AT element define the minimal sequences sufficient to direct prespore-specific expression in Dictyostelium discoideum.

Powell-Coffman, Jo Anne; Schnitzler, Gavin R.; Firtel, Richard A.

doi:10.1128/mcb.14.9.5840

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Consensus CAEs are found in promoters of most prespore genes studied to date (19,20,47). In most instances, the consensus CAEs have been shown to influence the level of activity but do not confer cell type specificity.…”

Section: Cis-regulatory Elements Responsible For Presporementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike the CAEs, therefore, intact box A and box B play a direct role in specifying prespore expression. We are presently testing whether the presence of A/T-rich element(s) is required for expression of the rnrB gene during development like in other postaggregative genes (19,20,38,43,47,51).…”

Section: Cis-regulatory Elements Responsible For Presporementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taken together, these results suggest that interactions between GBF and transcriptional factors that bind cis-regulatory elements other than CAEs are involved in regulating the expression of cell type-specific genes. The other cisregulatory elements that may be involved include the A/T-rich elements identified in promoters of several genes expressed in postaggregative cells (19,20,38,43,47,51).…”

Section: Cis-regulatory Elements Responsible For Presporementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When joined with a heterologous basal promoter, neither the CAEs nor the A/T-rich element alone is able to drive expression in prespore cells. However, expression in prespore cells can be stimulated when the CAEs and the A/T-rich element are placed together with a heterologous basal promoter (19,20). The CAEs exhibit strong affinity for the developmentally regulated transcriptional factor GBF (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these promoters contain consensus C/A-rich elements (CAEs), 1 which have been shown to be important for transcriptional activity (19 -23). Also required is an A/T-rich element located downstream of the CAEs (19,20). When joined with a heterologous basal promoter, neither the CAEs nor the A/T-rich element alone is able to drive expression in prespore cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of cis-Regulating Elements andtrans-Acting Factors Regulating the Expression of the Gene Encoding the Small Subunit of Ribonucleotide Reductase inDictyostelium discoideum

Bonfils¹,

Gaudet

Tsang

1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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We have examined the promoter of rnrB, the gene encoding the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase of Dictyostelium discoideum, using lacZ as a reporter gene. Deletion analysis showed that expression of this gene in vegetative cells involves an A/T-rich element, whereas its expression in prespore cells during development requires a region encompassing two G/C-rich elements, designated box A and box B. Removal of boxes A and B results in very low level of activity. When either box A or box B is deleted, prestalk cells adjacent to the prespore zone also express ␤-galactosidase. The behavior of these cis-regulatory elements implies that the mechanism regulating the prespore-specific expression of rnrB is different from that regulating other known prespore genes.We have used electrophoretic mobility shift assays to identify factors that interact with box A and box B. Box A interacts with a factor that is found in the nuclear fraction. While box B interacts with a factor that is present in the cytosolic fraction throughout growth and development, its presence in the nuclear fraction is developmentally regulated. Results from competition assays suggest that both box A and box B interact with transcriptional activators that have not been characterized previously.

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Section: Cis-regulatory Elements Responsible For Presporementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cis-regulatory Elements Responsible For Presporementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cis-regulatory Elements Responsible For Presporementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of cis-Regulating Elements andtrans-Acting Factors Regulating the Expression of the Gene Encoding the Small Subunit of Ribonucleotide Reductase inDictyostelium discoideum

Bonfils¹,

Gaudet

Tsang

1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Dictyostelium: Cell Sorting and Patterning

Weijer

Williams

2009

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Multicellular development of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum results from the chemotactic aggregation of single cells to form a fruiting body consisting of a stalk supporting a spore mass. The interplay of two extracellular signalling molecules, cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) and the chlorinated hexaphenone DIF‐1 (differentiation‐inducing factor 1), directs cellular differentiation, and cAMP is also the chemo‐attractant that orchestrates all of morphogenesis. Although this is a relatively unusual mode of pattern formation, most of the fundamental processes that typify development in higher organism are on display, and the genetic accessibility of the organism makes it a very powerful and relevant model system. It has proven particularly valuable for understanding the basic mechanism of chemotaxis and the role that chemotaxis can play in the morphogenesis of a multicellular structure. Key concepts: Dictyostelium cells aggregate by chemotaxis in response to propagating cAMP waves. cAMP waves propagate through cAMP relay, the ability of the cells to detect a small cAMP signal, synthesis and secrete cAMP in response and thus pass the cAMP signal on to their neighbours. Adaptation of the relay response ensures unidirectional wave propagation away from the centre. Chemotactic cell movement involves detection of a cAMP gradient across the length of the cell, resulting in a polarization of actin–myosin cytoskeletal dynamics and movement up the gradient. Multicellular morphogenesis, the arrangement of tissue in space and time, is controlled by the interplay of cAMP wave propagation and chemotaxis during all stages of development. Dictyostelium development is separated from cell division but a cell's fate can be biased by its cell cycle position when development starts. Prespore cells are formed in response to cAMP signalling. Differentiation of prestalk cells is induced by a small organic molecule, DIF, which is secreted by the prespore cells. This induction forms part of a feedback loop that controls the prestalk–prespore ratio. The tip‐organizer cells are a subset of the prestalk cells that differentiation in response to a high local cAMP concentation. Dictyostelium pattern formation occurs by the sorting out of differentiated cell types.

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Evidence that a combined activator-repressor protein regulates Dictyostelium stalk cell differentiation.

1996

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The ecmA gene is expressed in Dictyostelium prestalk cells and is inducible by differentiation‐inducing factor (DIF), a low‐molecular‐weight lipophilic substance. The ecmB gene is expressed in stalk cells and is under negative control by two repressor elements. Each repressor element contains two copies of the sequence TTGA in an inverted relative orientation. There are activator elements in the ecmA promoter that also contain two TTGA sequences, but in the same relative orientation. Gel retardation assays suggest that the same protein binds to the ecmB repressor and the ecmA activator. We propose that DIF induces prestalk cell differentiation by activating this protein and that the protein also binds to the promoters of stalk‐specific genes, acting as a repressor that holds cells in the prestalk state until culmination is triggered.

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A GBF-binding site and a novel AT element define the minimal sequences sufficient to direct prespore-specific expression in Dictyostelium discoideum.

Cited by 33 publications

References 42 publications

Identification of cis-Regulating Elements andtrans-Acting Factors Regulating the Expression of the Gene Encoding the Small Subunit of Ribonucleotide Reductase inDictyostelium discoideum

Identification of cis-Regulating Elements andtrans-Acting Factors Regulating the Expression of the Gene Encoding the Small Subunit of Ribonucleotide Reductase inDictyostelium discoideum

Dictyostelium: Cell Sorting and Patterning

Evidence that a combined activator-repressor protein regulates Dictyostelium stalk cell differentiation.

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