A Garden of Forking Paths

Corradi, Juan E.

doi:10.7135/upo9781843313649.011

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…They not only have to decide which steps to use but also with which parameters, and in which order. These choices lead to multiple branching paths, creating a so-called garden of forking paths (Gelman & Loken, 2013). A large variability in preprocessing choices may increase the variability of results and contribute to replication difficulties (Simmons et al, 2011;Trübutschek et al, 2024).…”

Section: Preprocessing Choices For P3 Analyses With Mobile Eeg: a Sys...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preprocessing Choices for P3 Analyses with Mobile EEG: A Systematic Literature Review and Interactive Exploration

Jacobsen,

Kristanto,

Welp

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Preprocessing is necessary to extract meaningful results from electroencephalography (EEG) data. With many possible preprocessing choices, their impact on outcomes is fundamental. While previous studies have explored the effects of preprocessing on stationary EEG data, this research delves into mobile EEG, where complex processing is necessary to address motion artifacts. Specifically, we describe the preprocessing choices studies reported for analyzing the P3 event-related potential (ERP) during walking and standing. A systematic review of 258 studies (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed) of the P3 during walking, identified 27 studies meeting the inclusion criteria (empirical study, EEG data of healthy humans, P3 during a gait and non-movement condition). Two independent coders extracted preprocessing choices reported in each study. Analysis of preprocessing choices revealed commonalities and differences, such as widespread use of offline filters but limited application of line noise correction (3 out of 27 studies). Notably, 63% of studies involved manual processing steps, and 52% omitted reporting critical parameters for at least one step. All studies employed unique preprocessing strategies. These findings align with stationary EEG preprocessing results, emphasizing the necessity for standardized reporting in mobile EEG research. We implemented an interactive visualization tool (Shiny app) to aid the exploration of the preprocessing landscape. The Shiny app allows users to structure the literature regarding different processing steps and processing combinations, thereby providing a meaningful overview. It is also possible to enter planned or preferred processing methods and compare own choices with the literature. The app thus helps to identify defensible preprocessing choices, specifically with a focus on P3 ERP analyses during standing and walking. It could be utilized to examine how these choices impact P3 results and understand the robustness of various processing options. We hope to increase awareness regarding the potential influence of preprocessing decisions and advocate for comprehensive reporting standards to foster reproducibility in mobile EEG research.

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Section: Preprocessing Choices For P3 Analyses With Mobile Eeg: a Sys...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preprocessing Choices for P3 Analyses with Mobile EEG: A Systematic Literature Review and Interactive Exploration

Jacobsen,

Kristanto,

Welp

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Striatal ups or downs? Neural correlates of monetary reward anticipation, cue reactivity and their interaction in alcohol use disorder and gambling disorder

Timmeren

Holst

Goudriaan

2022

Preprint

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Striatal dysfunction is a key characteristic of addictive disorders, but neuroimaging studies have reported conflicting findings. An integrative model of addiction points to the presence or absence of addiction-related cues as an explanation for striatal hypo- or hyperactivations, respectively, but has never been directly tested. Here, we developed a novel paradigm to investigate striatal activation during monetary reward anticipation in the presence versus absence of addiction-related pictures using functional MRI. Across two studies, we compared 46 alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients with 30 matched healthy controls; and 24 gambling disorder (GD) patients with 22 matched healthy controls. During monetary reward anticipation, hypoactivation of the reward system was seen in AUD individuals compared to HCs. Additionally, a behavioral interaction was seen where gambling cues made participants, across groups, respond faster for bigger, but slower for smaller rewards. However, no striatal differences were seen between the participants with AUD or GD and their matched controls. In sum, these findings suggest that striatal dysfunction is a key but heterogeneous mechanism within both AUD and GD and indicates an important but complex role for addiction-related cues in explaining striatal dysfunction in addiction.

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Wielding a gun increases judgments of others as holding guns: a randomized controlled trial

2020

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The gun embodiment effect is the consequence caused by wielding a gun on judgments of whether others are also holding a gun. This effect could be responsible for real-world instances when police officers shoot an unarmed person because of the misperception that the person had a gun. The gun embodiment effect is an instance of embodied cognition for which a person’s tool-augmented body affects their judgments. The replication crisis in psychology has raised concern about embodied cognition effects in particular, and the issue of low statistical power applies to the original research on the gun embodiment effect. Thus, the first step was to conduct a high-powered replication. We found a significant gun embodiment effect in participants’ reaction times and in their proportion of correct responses, but not in signal detection measures of bias, as had been originally reported. To help prevent the gun embodiment effect from leading to fatal encounters, it would be useful to know whether individuals with certain traits are less prone to the effect and whether certain kinds of experiences help alleviate the effect. With the new and reliable measure of the gun embodiment effect, we tested for moderation by individual differences related to prior gun experience, attitudes, personality, and factors related to emotion regulation and impulsivity. Despite the variety of these measures, there was little evidence for moderation. The results were more consistent with the idea of the gun embodiment effect being a universal, fixed effect, than being a flexible, malleable effect.

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A Garden of Forking Paths

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Preprocessing Choices for P3 Analyses with Mobile EEG: A Systematic Literature Review and Interactive Exploration

Preprocessing Choices for P3 Analyses with Mobile EEG: A Systematic Literature Review and Interactive Exploration

Striatal ups or downs? Neural correlates of monetary reward anticipation, cue reactivity and their interaction in alcohol use disorder and gambling disorder

Wielding a gun increases judgments of others as holding guns: a randomized controlled trial

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