A GaAs solar cell with an efficiency of 26.2% at 1000 suns and 25.0% at 2000 suns

Algora, Carlos; Ortiz, E.; Rey‐Stolle, Ignacio; Díaz, Vicente; Capilla, Rafael Peña; Andreev, V. M.; Khvostikov, V. P.; Rumyantsev, V.D.

doi:10.1109/16.918225

Cited by 152 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In addition to possessing a PCE of 29% which is the highest for any single junction PV cell [55], [73], GaAs cells are heat and radiation resistant. They possess a temperature coefficient p Max of 0% which means no performance loss with respect to temperature rise from STC [56], [57]. However, GaAs cells fail to dominate the market with just about 1% of the market share as seen in Fig.…”

Section: Gallium Arsenide (Gaas) Pv Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of contact is an improvement of the conventional front-to-back contact [57], [92], [96], [128]. Both contacts are placed at the back of the cell which increases the surface of cell exposed to direct sunlight.…”

Section: Back/rear Contactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the compound GaAs is stable and not toxic [70]- [72]. GaAs cells possess band gap energy of 1.43 -1.7 eV so they can absorb photons with higher energy levels than crystalline silicon PV cells [56], [57], [72]. In addition, GaAs has high absorptivity.…”

Section: Gallium Arsenide (Gaas) Pv Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to high cost. GaAs cells are limited to specialty applications where efficiency, performance under high temperature and radiation are favoured over cost [57], [72], [73]. Such applications include multi-junction PV cells, concentrated PV cells, satellites and demonstration solar powered cars.…”

Section: Gallium Arsenide (Gaas) Pv Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, the value ranges from 2 -1000 suns and are characterised as low-to-highconcentration [90]- [92]. The operation involves that the incident sunlight is focused or guided by optical elements such that a high intensity light beam shines on a small PV cell with average surface area of 0.25 cm 2 [57][92], [93]. The short-circuit current from the PV cell depends linearly on light intensity.…”

Section: Concentrated Pv (Cpv) Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of photovoltaic module technologies for increased performance in tropical climate

Ogbomo

Amalu

Ekere

et al. 2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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The global adoption and use of photovoltaic modules (PVMs) as the main source of energy is the key to realising the UN Millennium Development Goals on Green Energy. The technology -projected to contribute about 20% of world energy supply by 2050, over 60% by 2100 and leading to 50% reduction in global CO 2 emissions -is threatened by its poor performance in tropical climate. Such performance discourages its regional acceptance. The magnitude of crucial module performance influencing factors (cell temperature, wind speed and relative humidity) reach critical values of 90°C, 0.2 m/s and 85%, respectively in tropical climates which negatively impact module performance indices which include power output (PO), power conversion efficiency (PCE) and energy payback time (EPBT). This investigation reviews PVM technologies which include cell, contact and interconnection technologies. It identifies critical technology route(s) with potential to increase operational reliability of PVMs in the tropics when adopted. The cell performance is measured by PO, PCE and EPBT while contacts and interconnections performance is measured by the degree of recombination, shading losses and also the rate of thermo-mechanical degradation. It is found that the mono-crystalline cell has the best PCE of 25% while the Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) cell has the lowest EPBT of 8-months. Results show that the poly-crystalline cell has the largest market share amounting to 54%. The CdTe cell exhibits 0% drop in PCE at high-temperatures and low irradiance operations -demonstrating least affected PO by the conditions. Further results establish that back contacts and back-to-back interconnection technologies produce the least recombination losses and demonstrate absence of shading in addition to possessing longest interconnection fatigue life. Based on these findings, the authors propose a PVM comprising CdTe cell, back contacts and backto-back interconnection technologies as the technology with latent capacity to produce improved performance in tropical climates. Keywordsphotovoltaic modules; solar cell technology; contact technology; interconnection technology; energy payback time; power conversion efficiency; fatigue life. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 *Manuscript Click here to view linked References IntroductionThe annual electrical power consumption of the entire planet can be generated by the sun in just one hour [1]. Thus, solar energy is abundant in addition to being clean, sustainable and renewable [2], [3]. Surprisingly, some parts of the world are still struggling to meet their energy needs. It may suffice to say that the regions experiencing energy issues may be having energy conversion problems rather than energy supply problems [2], [4]. It is projected that if 100% exploitation of the energy potentials of the sun ca...

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Section: Gallium Arsenide (Gaas) Pv Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Back/rear Contactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gallium Arsenide (Gaas) Pv Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gallium Arsenide (Gaas) Pv Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concentrated Pv (Cpv) Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A review of photovoltaic module technologies for increased performance in tropical climate

Ogbomo

Amalu

Ekere

et al. 2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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Status, Trends, Challenges and the Bright Future of Solar Electricity from Photovoltaics

Hegedus

Ĺuque

2003

Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering

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Cesium Lead Inorganic Solar Cell with Efficiency beyond 18% via Reduced Charge Recombination

et al. 2019

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the main concern for degrading the device stability; for example, CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 could be decomposed into lead Iodide (PbI 2 ) and CH 3 NH 3 I, and the organic molecules could be vapored under thermal or humidity environment. [15] Therefore, addressing the long-term stability is a primary concern for the perovskite solar cells community. [16] As an alternative, all-inorganic perovskites (CsPbX 3 , X = I, Br, Cl, or their mixtures), prized for their excellent thermal stability, have received increasing attention. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Among them CsPbI 3-x Br x with the band gap of around 1.73 eV showed promising, by stabilizing the α-phase, control growth of the perovskite layer, and also the interface engineering, significant progresses have been achieved. For example, Luther et al. have shown CsPbI 3 quantum dot solar cells with the efficiency of 10.77% and 13.4%, subsequently. [24,25] Our group has developed a solvent controlled growth of CsPbI 3 in dry environment, and showed a 14.67% certificated efficiency with 500 h light-soaking stability. [26] Li et al. invented a novel gradient thermal annealing to control the growth of CsPbI 2 Br film (band gap = 1.92 eV), and a champion PCE of 16.07% with a V OC of 1.23 V was realized. [27] Recently, an outstanding efficiency of 17.06% with V OC of 1.1 V was realized by Zhao et al. via using HPbI 3 as a precursor combined with the PTABr surface modification. [28] Although there are significant progresses in inorganic perovskite solar cells, the PCE is still far behind the hybrid PSCs, even compared with the I-Br mixed hybrid perovskite with a similar band gap (1.75 eV). [29] It can be found that the opencircuit voltage loss (V oc loss) is still the main reason of low performance of inorganic perovskite solar cells, which strongly related to energy band matching and defects at the interface or in the bulk of perovskite. [10,14] Most recently, Yip et al. applied PN4N as cathode interlayer to reduce the work function of the SnO 2 electron transporting layer (ETL) for tuning the electron extraction property and combing with poly[5,5′-bis(2-butyloctyl)-(2,2′-bithiophene)-4,4′-dicarboxylate-alt-5,5′-2,2′-bithiophene] (PDCBT) as hole transporting layer, leading to a significant enhancement in V OC of the CsPbI 3-x Br x PVSCs from 1.06 to 1.3 V [30] ; however, the V oc loss is still as high as 0.62 V .Here, we develop an inorganic shunt-blocking layer lithium fluoride (LiF) between SnO 2 and CsPbI 3-x Br x perovskites, which push forward the conduction band of the electron transport Cesium-based inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising due to their potential for improving device stability. However, the power conversion efficiency of the inorganic PSCs is still low compared with the hybrid PSCs due to the large open-circuit voltage (V OC ) loss possibly caused by charge recombination. The use of an insulated shunt-blocking layer lithium fluoride on electron transport layer SnO 2 for better energy level alignment with the conduction band minimum of the CsPbI...

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A GaAs solar cell with an efficiency of 26.2% at 1000 suns and 25.0% at 2000 suns

Cited by 152 publications

References 11 publications

A review of photovoltaic module technologies for increased performance in tropical climate

A review of photovoltaic module technologies for increased performance in tropical climate

Status, Trends, Challenges and the Bright Future of Solar Electricity from Photovoltaics

Cesium Lead Inorganic Solar Cell with Efficiency beyond 18% via Reduced Charge Recombination

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